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Income in the United States: 2024
Current Population Reports
By Melissa Kollar and Zach Scherer
Issued September 2025
P60-286
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Acknowledgments
Melissa Kollar and Zach Scherer prepared this report under the
direction of Michael D. King, chief of the Income Statistics Branch.
Liana E. Fox, assistant division chief for Economic Characteristics in
the Social, Economic, and Housing Statistics Division, provided overall
direction.
Preeti Vaghela, with the assistance of Ryan Flint, Kerry Akiyama,
Andrew Blocher, Matthew Dearstyne, Lorelei De Vos, and
Richard Lee, under the supervision of Karen Bradwell, all of the
Demographic Systems Division, and Roselyn Rosal Tineo of the
Demographic Programs Directorate—Survey Operations (ADDP-SO),
processed the 2025 Current Population Survey Annual Social and
Economic Supplement (CPS ASEC) file.
Adam W. Reilly, with the assistance of Kirk E. Davis, Raymond E. Dowdy,
and Marguerite McDaniel, programmed and produced the historical,
detailed, and publication tables under the direction of Hung X. Pham, chief
of the Tabulation and Applications Branch, Demographic Surveys Division.
Casey Goldvale, under the supervision of David V. Hornick, both of the
Demographic Statistical Methods Division, conducted statistical review.
Tim Marshall and Roselyn Rosal Tineo, both of ADDP-SO, provided overall
direction for survey implementation. Charlie Carter and Johanna Rupp,
both of the Information Technology Directorate, prepared and programmed
the computer-assisted interviewing instrument used to conduct the CPS
ASEC.
Additional people within the U.S. Census Bureau also made significant
contributions to the preparation of the report. Katherine Engel
reviewed the CPS ASEC data. Kathryn Shantz prepared the tax
model and provided content for Appendix B. Adrienne DiTommaso,
Lynda Laughlin, Matthew Marlay, Elizabeth Pelletier, Kathryn Shantz,
and Bruce H. Webster, Jr. reviewed the contents.
Kevin Lathrop, Andrew Quach, Stephen Gibson, Christine Geter, and
Daphanie Smallwood provided publication management, graphic design
and composition, editorial review, and 508 compliancy for print and
electronic media under the direction of Corey Beasley, chief of the Graphic
and Editorial Services Branch, Public Information Office.
The authors would like to also thank the Census Bureau field
representatives and telephone interviewers who conducted the
interviews that provide the data in this report. Without their dedication,
the preparation of this report or any report from the Current Population
Survey would be impossible.
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Income in the United States: 2024 Issued September 2025
P60-286
U.S. Census Bureau
Ron S. Jarmin,
Acting Director
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Suggested Citation
Melissa Kollar and Zach Scherer,
U.S. Census Bureau,
Current Population Reports,
P60-286,
Income in the United States: 2024,
U.S. Government Publishing Office,
Washington, DC,
September 2025.
U.S. CENSUS BUREAU
Ron S. Jarmin,
Acting Director
Ron S. Jarmin,
Deputy Director and Chief Operating Officer
James T. Christy,
Acting Associate Director for Demographic Programs
David G. Waddington,
Chief, Social, Economic, and Housing Statistics Division
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Contents
TEXT
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
HOUSEHOLD INCOME BY SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
All Households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Type of Household . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Race and Hispanic Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Age. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Nativity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Educational Attainment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
INCOME INEQUALITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Money Income Inequality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Equivalence-Adjusted Income Inequality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
EARNINGS AND WORK STATUS BY SELECTED
CHARACTERISTICS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Sex. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Race and Hispanic Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Age. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Educational Attainment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
SUMMARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
ENDNOTES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
FIGURES
Figure 1. Median Household Income and Percent Change by
Selected Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Figure 2. Real Median Household Income by Race and
Hispanic Origin: 1967 to 2024. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Figure 3. Selected Income Inequality Measures Using Money
Income: 1967 to 2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Figure 4. Median Earnings and Percent Change by Selected
Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Figure 5. Female-to-Male Earnings Ratio and Median Earnings of
Full-Time, Year-Round Workers by Sex: 1960 to 2024. . . . . 8
U.S. Census Bureau Income in the United States: 2024 iii
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APPENDIXES
APPENDIX A. ESTIMATES OF INCOME. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
How Income Is Measured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Business Cycles—Recessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Cost-of-Living Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
APPENDIX B. POST-TAX HOUSEHOLD INCOME. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
APPENDIX C. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Source and Accuracy of the Estimates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
CPS ASEC Modernization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
National Experimental Well-Being Statistics (NEWS) Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Accessing Income Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Other Sources of Income Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Questions and Comments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
APPENDIX TABLES
Table A-1. Income Summary Measures by Selected Characteristics: 2023 and 2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Table A-2. Households by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of Householder:
1967 to 2024. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Table A-3. Income Distribution Measures Using Money Income and Equivalence-Adjusted Income:
2023 and 2024. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Table A-4a. Selected Measures of Household Income Dispersion: 1967 to 2024. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Table A-4b. Selected Measures of Household Income Dispersion: 1967 to 2024. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Table A-5. Selected Measures of Equivalence-Adusted Income Dispersion: 1967 to 2024. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Table A-6. Earnings Summary Measures by Selected Characteristics: 2023 and 2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Table A-7. Number and Real Median Earnings of Total Workers and Full-Time, Year-Round Workers
With Earnings by Sex and Female-to-Male Earnings Ratio: 1960 to 2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Table B-1. Post-Tax Household Income Summary Measures by Selected Characteristics:
2023 and 2024. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Table B-2. Summary Measures by Selected Characteristics Using Money Income and Post-Tax Income:
2024. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Table B-3. Distribution Measures Using Post-Tax Income and Equivalence-Adjusted Post-Tax Income:
2023 and 2024. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Table B-4. Distribution Measures Using Money Income, Post-Tax Income, Equivalence-Adjusted
Income, and Equivalence-Adjusted Post-Tax Income: 2024. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Table B-5. Selected Measures of Household Post-Tax Income Dispersion: 2009 to 2024. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
iv Income in the United States: 2024 U.S. Census Bureau
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Income in the United States: 2024
INTRODUCTION comparisons by characteristics 2023 and 2024 (Figure 3 and
such as race and Hispanic Table A-3).
The U.S. Census Bureau collects
origin, age, and education.
data and publishes estimates • Household income at the
This is followed by sections on
on income, earnings, and 90th percentile increased
income inequality, workers, and
inequality in order to evaluate 4.2 percent, but did not
median earnings. The income
national economic trends and to significantly change at the 10th
estimates in the main sections
understand their effect on the and 50th percentiles between
of this report are based on the
well-being of households, families, 2023 and 2024 (Table A-3).
concept of money income, which
and individuals.
is pretax and does not account • Among full-time, year-round
The estimates in this report for the value of in-kind transfers. workers, median earnings
are based on data collected in Estimates of post-tax income increased 3.7 percent for men,
the 2025 and earlier Current and inequality are included in but did not change significantly
Population Survey Annual Social Appendix B. for women between 2023 and
and Economic Supplements (CPS 2024 (Figure 4 and Table A-6).
This report is released alongside
ASEC) conducted by the Census
two other reports focused on • For full-time, year-round
Bureau.* This report presents
poverty estimates and health workers, the female-to-male
estimates on income in the United
insurance coverage in the United earnings ratio in 2024 fell
States for calendar year 2024.
States. For poverty and health to 80.9 percent from 82.7
Historical estimates are expressed
insurance estimates, refer to percent in 2023 (Figure 5 and
in real or 2024 dollars to account
“Poverty in the United States: Table A-7). This is the second
for the change in the cost of living
2024” and “Health Insurance consecutive annual decrease
over time.1 The current method
Coverage in the United States: in the female-to-male earnings
for inflation adjustment is based
2024.”3 ratio.
on the Chained Consumer Price
Index for All Urban Consumers Highlights HOUSEHOLD INCOME BY
(C-CPI-U) between 2000 and
• Median household income SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS
2024. 2 The C-CPI-U measured a
2.6 percent increase in consumer was $83,730 in 2024, not This section focuses on median
prices between 2023 and 2024, statistically different from the household income by selected
down from a 3.9 percent increase 2023 estimate of $82,690 characteristics of the householder,
between 2022 and 2023. (Figure 1 and Table A-1).4 including type of household, race
and Hispanic origin, age, nativity,
This report begins with a section • Between 2023 and 2024,
and education.6 The householder
discussing median household median income increased by 5.1
is the person (or one of the
income, highlighting year-to-year percent for Asian households
people) in whose name the home
and 5.5 percent for Hispanic
is owned or rented and the person
* The U.S. Census Bureau has reviewed households, while it declined
this data product to ensure appropriate to whom the relationship of other
access, use, and disclosure avoidance by 3.3 percent for Black
protection of the confidential source
household members is recorded.
households. 5 Median income
data used to produce this product (Data Each household has only one
Management System [DMS] number: did not change significantly for
P-7534374, Disclosure Review Board [DRB]
householder, so the number of
White or non-Hispanic White
approval number: CBDRB-FY25-0384). householders is equal to the
To further protect respondent privacy, all households (Figure 2 and Table
estimates in this report have undergone number of households. Group
A-1).
additional rounding. As a result, details quarters are excluded from the
may not sum to totals. All comparative
statements have undergone statistical • Income inequality as measured household population.7
testing and are statistically significant at by the Gini index was not
the 90 percent confidence level unless
otherwise noted. significantly different between
U.S. Census Bureau Income in the United States: 2024 1
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For most demographic estimates in 2024 were either group to experience a decrease
characteristics of the householder higher than the 2023 estimates in median household income
shown in Figure 1 and Table A-1, or were not statistically different between 2023 and 2024 was
the median household income from 2023. The only demographic Black households.
Figure 1.
Median Household Income and Percent Change by Selected Characteristics
Percent change:
2024 Median Income 2023 to 2024
ALL HOUSEHOLDS $83,730 1.3
Type of Household
Family households $108,600 3.0
Married-couple $128,700 5.0
Female householder,
no spouse present $60,440 –0.9
Male householder,
no spouse present $83,260 –0.9
Nonfamily households $50,960 0.1
Female householder $44,870 3.8
Male householder $58,000 –1.2
Race and Hispanic Origin of
Householder
White $88,010 1.4
White, not Hispanic $92,530 1.3
Black $56,020 –3.3
Asian $121,700 5.1
Hispanic (any race) $70,950 5.5
Age of Householder
Under 65 years $97,030 2.3
15 to 24 years $60,310 7.0
25 to 34 years $90,100 2.4
35 to 44 years $106,100 2.1
45 to 54 years $116,800 2.8
55 to 64 years $91,620 –1.5
65 years and older $56,680 1.0
Nativity of Householder
Native-born $84,490 0.8
Foreign-born $80,590 7.1
Educational Attainment of 3.1
Householder1
No high school diploma $36,900 –1.8
High school, no college $58,410 2.0
Some college $76,520 1.3
Bachelor's degree or higher $132,700 2.0
Denotes a statistically
significant change
1
Householders 25 years and older. In 2024, the median household income for this group was $85,580.
Note: Households as of March of the following year. Statistically significant indicates the change is statistically different from zero at the 90
percent confidence level. Margins of error and other related estimates are available in Table A-1. Information on confidentiality protection,
sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2024 and 2025 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC; DMS number
P-7534374, DRB approval number CBDRB-FY25-0384).
2 Income in the United States: 2024 U.S. Census Bureau
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All Households with no spouse present had Race and Hispanic Origin11
a median income of $83,260,
Median household income was Between 2023 and 2024, median
not statistically different from
$83,730 in 2024, which was not incomes for Asian and Hispanic
2023. The median income for
statistically different from the households increased by 5.1
households maintained by
2023 estimate of $82,690 (Figure and 5.5 percent, respectively,
women with no spouse present
1 and Table A-1). The 2024 median while median income for Black
was the lowest among family
household income was also not households declined by 3.3
households ($60,440) and was
statistically different from the percent (Figure 2 and Table
not statistically different between
2019 median household income A-1).12 Median income was not
2023 and 2024.10
of $83,260. Household income in statistically different between
2019 was the highest since 1967 Median income for nonfamily 2023 and 2024 for White or
(Figure 2 and Table A-2). 8 households was $50,960 in 2024, non-Hispanic White households.13
not statistically different from Among the race groups, Asian
Type of Household9 households had the highest
2023. Nonfamily households
The 2024 median income of family with a female householder had median income ($121,700) in
households increased 3.0 percent a median income of $44,870 in 2024, followed by non-Hispanic
from 2023 (Figure 1 and Table 2024, which was a 3.8 percent White households ($92,530) and
A-1). Of all family households, increase from 2023. Median Hispanic households ($70,950).14
married couples had the highest income for nonfamily households Black households had the lowest
median income ($128,700) in with a male householder in 2024 median income ($56,020).
2024, up 5.0 percent from the was $58,000, not statistically
2023 median ($122,500). Family different from 2023.
households maintained by men
Figure 2.
Real Median Household Income by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1967 to 2024
2024 inflation-adjusted dollars Recession
130,000
$121,700
120,000
110,000
100,000
$92,530
90,000
Asian $83,730
80,000
70,000 $70,950
White, not Hispanic
60,000
All races Hispanic (any race) $56,020
50,000
40,000
30,000 Black
20,000
10,000
0
1967 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2024
Note: Households as of March of the following year. Refer to Table A-2 for historical race footnotes. The data points are placed at the midpoints of
the respective years. Income is in 2024 dollars. More information on the inflation adjustment and recessions is available in Appendix A. Information
on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at
<https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2025 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC; DMS number
P-7534374, DRB approval number CBDRB-FY25-0384).
U.S. Census Bureau Income in the United States: 2024 3
Extracted source page 10
Age income only increased among Money Income Inequality20
householders with a bachelor’s
Between 2023 and 2024, median The Gini index is a statistical
degree or higher (Figure 1 and
household income for householders measure of income inequality
Table A-1). Median household
under the age of 65 increased by ranging from 0.0 to 1.0. It measures
income did not significantly
2.3 percent, while it did not change the amount that any two incomes
change for any other educational
significantly for householders differ, on average, relative to mean
attainment groups examined
aged 65 and over (Figure 1 income. It is an indicator of how
between 2023 and 2024.19
and Table A-1).15 Householders far apart or “spread out” incomes
aged 15 to 24, 35 to 44, and 45 Householders with more are from one another. A value of
to 54 had increases in median education had higher income. In 0.0 represents perfect equality,
household income of 7.0, 2.1, and 2024, households maintained by and a value of 1.0 indicates total
2.8 percent, respectively. Between someone with at least a bachelor’s inequality. Based on the money
2023 and 2024, the change in degree had the highest median income Gini index, income
median household income was income ($132,700), followed by inequality was not statistically
not significant for households with those with some college ($76,520) different between 2023 and 2024;
householders aged 25 to 34 or 55 and those with a high school the Gini index was 0.488 in 2024
to 64.16 diploma ($58,410). Householders (Figure 3 and Table A-3).
aged 25 and over with no high
Householders aged 45 to 54 The median represents the
school diploma had the lowest
had the highest median income midpoint of the household income
median household income
in 2024 ($116,800), followed by distribution. Changes in income
($36,900).
householders 35 to 44 ($106,100). at other points in the income
Householders aged 65 and over distribution provide additional
INCOME INEQUALITY
($56,680) had the lowest median information about the economic
income. Income inequality refers to well-being of households above
how evenly income or income or below the median. Household
Nativity17 growth is distributed across income at the 90th percentile
Median income of households the population—higher income increased 4.2 percent from 2023
maintained by a foreign-born inequality represents less equal to 2024 (Table A-3). 21 The changes
person increased by 7.1 percent income distribution or growth. This in household income at the 10th
from 2023 to 2024 while not report presents several measures and 50th percentiles were not
changing significantly for of income inequality: the Gini index, statistically significant.
households maintained by a native- the ratio of income percentiles,
the shares of aggregate household Percentile income ratios,
born person (Figure 1 and Table
income by quintiles, the Theil index, particularly of the 10th, 50th, and
A-1). Households maintained by
the mean logarithmic deviation of 90th percentiles of the overall
native-born individuals had higher
income (MLD), and the Atkinson income distribution, provide
median income ($84,490) than
measures. This section focuses on additional information about
those maintained by foreign-born
the first three measures pertaining changes in income inequality. 22
individuals ($80,590). Foreign-born
to money income and equivalence- The ratio of the 90th percentile
householders can be classified
adjusted income, which are defined to 10th percentile was 12.61 in
into two categories: those who are
in the following sections and are 2024, meaning income at the 90th
naturalized U.S. citizens and those
available in Table A-3. Historical percentile was 12.61 times higher
who are not U.S. citizens. Details on
estimates for all six summary than income at the 10th percentile.
these groups can be found in Table
measures of money income The ratio of the 90th percentile to
A-1.
inequality are available in Tables 10th percentile was not statistically
A-4a and A-4b, and corresponding different from the 2023 ratio of
Educational Attainment18
estimates for equivalence-adjusted 12.38 (Figure 3 and Table A-3).
In this report, educational The ratio of the 90th percentile
income are available in Table
attainment is examined for to 50th percentile (referred to as
A-5. Post-tax income inequality
householders aged 25 and older. “upper-tail” inequality) increased
estimates are available in Tables
In 2024, median household 2.9 percent, from 2.91 in 2023 to
B-3, B-4, and B-5.
4 Income in the United States: 2024 U.S. Census Bureau
Extracted source page 11
Figure 3.
Selected Income Inequality Measures Using Money Income: 1967 to 2024
Gini Index of Income Inequality Recession
0.550
0.500 0.488
0.450
0.400
0.350
0
Income Percentile Ratios
14
12.61
12 90th/10th
10
8
6
50th/10th
4 4.21
90th/50th 3.00
2
0
Share of Aggregate Income by Quintile (in percent)
60
Highest quintile 52.2
50
40
30
Fourth quintile
22.6
20 Third quintile
13.9
Second quintile
10 8.2
Lowest quintile
3.1
0
1967 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2024
Note: Refer to Tables A-4a and A-4b for historical footnotes. The data points are placed at the midpoints of the respective years. Income
is in 2024 dollars. More information on the inflation adjustment and recessions is available in Appendix A. Information on confidentiality
protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at
<https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2025 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC; DMS
number P-7534374, DRB approval number CBDRB-FY25-0384).
3.00 in 2024, while the ratio of the A quintile is one of five equal those in the third quintile had
50th percentile to 10th percentile groups ranked by income from incomes as high as $105,500,
(“lower-tail” inequality) did not lowest to highest, so that 20 and those in the fourth quintile
differ significantly between 2023 percent of all households are in had incomes as high as $175,700.
and 2024. 23 Table A-4a provides each group. In 2024, households Households in the highest quintile
the income for each decile and in the lowest quintile had incomes had incomes higher than $175,700.
household income ratios at of $34,510 or less (Table A-4a). The top 5 percent of households
selected percentiles for income Households in the second quintile in the income distribution had
years 1967 to 2024. had incomes as high as $65,100, incomes of $335,700 or higher.
U.S. Census Bureau Income in the United States: 2024 5
Extracted source page 12
The quintile shares of aggregate nearly $65,000. The equivalence EARNINGS AND WORK
household income provide adjustment used here is based on STATUS BY SELECTED
additional information about how the equivalence scale used in the CHARACTERISTICS
income is distributed across the Supplemental Poverty Measure This section presents estimates
population. In 2024, households (SPM). 25 This section presents of real median earnings by work
in the lowest quintile received 3.1 the same inequality measures status for individuals aged 15 and
percent of aggregate household as the prior section but using older with earnings. Earnings
income, while households in the equivalence-adjusted income. are the sum of wage and salary
highest quintile received 52.2 These equivalence-adjusted income and nonfarm and farm
percent of aggregate household income inequality measures are self-employment income (gross
income (Figure 3 and Table A-3). summarized in Table A-3. receipts minus expenses). In 2024,
Within the highest quintile, the earnings constituted 77.2 percent
For both 2023 and 2024, the Gini
top 5 percent of households of aggregate total income. As
index was lower when based on
received 23.1 percent of aggregate with median household income,
an equivalence-adjusted income
household income. Between 2023 earnings estimates are expressed
estimate (0.465 in 2023 and 0.465
and 2024, the share of aggregate in real or constant dollar terms,
in 2024) than on the traditional
household income decreased meaning that median earnings
money-income estimate (0.485
in the second quintile (from 8.3 estimates for 2023 are inflation-
in 2023 and 0.488 in 2024),
percent to 8.2 percent). 24 The adjusted by 2.6 percent to be in
suggesting a more equal income
changes in the share of aggregate 2024 dollars. Estimates of year-to-
distribution when household
household income were not year percent changes reflect this
composition is taken into account.
significantly different in the other adjustment.
The change in the equivalence-
quintiles. Table A-4b provides
adjusted Gini index between 2023 Total workers (also referred to
quintile measures, as well as the
and 2024 was not statistically as “all workers”) include both
Gini index, MLD, Theil index, and
significant. Generally, the income part-time and full-time workers.
Atkinson measures, for income
shares in the lowest, second, and A full-time, year-round worker is
years 1967 to 2024.
third quintiles are higher with a person who worked at least 35
Equivalence-Adjusted Income equivalence-adjusted income than hours per week (full-time) and at
Inequality money income, while the reverse least 50 weeks per year (year-
is true for the fourth and highest round). 26 In 2024, 69.8 percent
Another way to measure income
quintiles. This redistribution of workers were employed full-
inequality is to replace money
reflects the higher concentration time, year-round, which was not
income with an equivalence-
of single-person households significantly different from 70.1
adjusted income estimate that
and smaller household sizes at percent in 2023. The share of male
takes into consideration the
the lower end of the income workers employed full-time, year-
number of people living in the
distribution. round decreased to 74.4 percent
household and how those people
share resources and benefit from Based on equivalence-adjusted in 2024 from 75.0 percent in
economies of scale. For example, income, there were no significant 2023. The share of female workers
the distribution based on money changes in inequality between employed full-time, year-round was
income treats a household income 2023 and 2024 as measured by 64.6 percent in 2024, which was
of $30,000 the same whether the share of aggregate income or not significantly different from the
one person or four people live in the ratios of income percentiles 2023 share.
the household. In contrast, the (Table A-3). Table A-5 shows In 2024, median earnings were
equivalence-adjusted income equivalence-adjusted measures of $51,370 for all workers and
would be the same for a single- the income distribution, as well as $63,360 for full-time, year-round
person household with an income the Gini index, MLD, Theil index, workers. The changes in median
of $30,000 and a household and Atkinson measures for income earnings between 2023 and 2024
with two married adults and years 1967 to 2024. for both all workers and full-time,
two children and an income of
year-round workers were not
statistically significant (Table A-6).
6 Income in the United States: 2024 U.S. Census Bureau
Extracted source page 13
Examining the changes in median Sex year-round to the median earnings
earnings by selected characteris- of men working full-time, year-
The median earnings of men who
tics can add context to the annual round. The 2024 female-to-male
worked full-time, year-round
changes experienced by workers. earnings ratio was 0.809, a 2.2
($71,090) increased by 3.7 per-
Figure 4 presents median earnings percent decrease from the 2023
cent in 2024 compared to 2023,
for full-time, year-round workers ratio (0.827). This is the second
while median earnings of women
by sex, race and Hispanic origin, consecutive annual decline in the
who worked full-time, year-round
age, and educational attainment. female-to-male earnings ratio
($57,520) did not change signifi-
For all demographic characteris- (Figure 5). For historical statistics
cantly (Figure 4 and Table A-6).
tics shown in Figure 4, the median from 1960 to 2024 on median
earnings estimates in 2024 were The female-to-male earnings earnings by sex and the female-
either higher than the 2023 esti- ratio compares the median earn- to-male earnings ratio, refer to
mates or were not statistically dif- ings of women working full-time, Table A-7.
ferent from 2023.
Figure 4.
Median Earnings and Percent Change by Selected Characteristics
Percent change:
FULL-TIME, YEAR-ROUND 2024 Median Earnings 2023 to 2024
WORKERS WITH EARNINGS
Total $63,360 0.5
Sex
Male $71,090 3.7
Female $57,520 1.5
Race and Hispanic Origin
White $65,370 2.7
White, not Hispanic $71,260 0.6
Black $52,370 –1.8
Asian $86,560 4.1
Hispanic (any race) $50,430 4.9
Age
Under 65 years $63,140 0.2
15 to 24 years $38,920 3.5
25 to 34 years $60,480 2.6
35 to 44 years $70,980 4.7
45 to 54 years $72,460 0.4
55 to 64 years $69,720 0.8
65 years and older $65,800 4.8
Educational Attainment 1
No high school diploma $40,450 6.6
High school, no college $50,640 1.1
Some college $60,220 3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher $91,250 –0.5
Denotes a statistically
significant change
1
People 25 years and older. In 2024, the median earnings for this group was $66,810.
Note: People 15 years and older, as of March of the following year, with earnings. Statistically significant indicates the change is statistically
different from zero at the 90 percent confidence level. Margins of error and other related estimates and notes are available in Table A-6.
Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at
<https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2024 and 2025 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC; DMS number
P-7534374, DRB approval number CBDRB-FY25-0384).
U.S. Census Bureau Income in the United States: 2024 7
Extracted source page 14
Figure 5.
Female-to-Male Earnings Ratio and Median Earnings of Full-Time, Year-Round Workers
by Sex: 1960 to 2024
Ratio (in percent) Recession
100
90
Female-to-male earnings ratio
80 80.9
70
60
50
0
Earnings in thousands (2024 inflation-adjusted dollars)
80
$71,090
Male
60 $57,520
Female
40
20
0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2024
Note: People 15 years and older, as of March of the following year, with earnings. Refer to Table A-7 for historical footnotes. The data
points are placed at the midpoints of the respective years. Income is in 2024 dollars. More information on the inflation adjustment and
recessions is available in Appendix A. Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is
available at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1961 to 2025 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC; DMS number
P-7534374, DRB approval number CBDRB-FY25-0384).
Race and Hispanic Origin Full-time, year-round workers percent, but they still had the low-
aged 15 to 24 had an increase est median earnings of all educa-
Between 2023 and 2024, median
of 3.5 percent in median earn- tional attainment groups (Figure
earnings of White individuals
ings, those aged 25 to 34 had 4 and Table A-6). For those with
who worked full-time, year-
an increase of 2.6 percent, those some college, median earnings
round increased by 2.7 percent
aged 35 to 44 had an increase of increased by 3.4 percent. The
to $65,370, while the median
4.7 percent, and those aged 65 2024 median earnings of full-time,
earnings of Hispanic individuals
and over had an increase of 4.8 year-round workers with a high
who worked full-time, year-round
percent. 27 Median earnings did not school diploma but no college
increased by 4.9 percent to
differ significantly between 2023 and those who obtained at least a
$50,430 (Figure 4 and Table A-6).
and 2024 for full-time, year-round bachelor’s degree were not statis-
For Black, Asian, and non-Hispanic
workers aged 45 to 54 or those tically different from 2023.
White individuals who worked full-
aged 55 to 64.
time, year-round, median earnings
SUMMARY
in 2024 were not significantly
Educational Attainment
different from 2023. This report provides estimates
For full-time, year-round workers of household income, income
Age aged 25 and over, those with no inequality, and worker earnings
high school diploma had the larg- in the United States for 2024.
Median earnings of full-time,
est increase in median earnings Median household income was
year-round workers increased
from 2023 to 2024. This group’s $83,730 in 2024, not statistically
from 2023 to 2024 for most age
median earnings increased by 6.6
groups (Figure 4 and Table A-6).
8 Income in the United States: 2024 U.S. Census Bureau
Extracted source page 15
different from the 2023 estimate percentile increased 4.2 percent. higher or not statistically different
of $82,690. For most demo- The changes in household income from 2023. Median earnings for
graphic subgroups analyzed, the at the 10th and 50th percentiles men who worked full-time, year-
median household income esti- were not statistically significant. round increased by 3.7 percent
mates in 2024 were either higher Inequality at the top end of the from 2023 to 2024, while there
or not statistically different from income distribution (as measured was no significant change for
2023, with the exception of Black by the ratio of the 90th percentile women who worked full-time,
households, which experienced to the 50th percentile) grew, but year-round. The female-to-male
a decline in median household other income ratios examined did earnings ratio in 2024 fell to 80.9
income. not significantly change. percent from 82.7 percent in 2023.
This is the second consecutive
Income inequality as measured by For all demographic characteris-
annual decrease in the female-to-
the Gini index was not significantly tics analyzed, median earnings for
male earnings ratio.
different between 2023 and 2024. both total workers and full-time,
Household income at the 90th year-round workers were either
U.S. Census Bureau Income in the United States: 2024 9
Extracted source page 16
ENDNOTES 9
A family household is a household 14
The small sample size of the Asian
maintained by a householder who is population and the fact that the CPS ASEC
1
“Real” refers to income after adjusting related to at least one other person in the does not use separate population controls
for inflation. Refer to the Cost-of-Living household by birth, marriage, or adoption for weighting the Asian sample to national
Adjustment section in Appendix A for more and includes any unrelated individuals totals contribute to the large variances
information. who may be residing there. A nonfamily surrounding estimates for this group. The
2
Refer to the Cost-of-Living Adjustment household is a householder living alone American Community Survey (ACS), based
section of Appendix A for additional details (a one-person household) or sharing the on a much larger sample of the population,
on inflation adjustment. home exclusively with nonrelatives. is a better source for estimating and
3
Emily A. Shrider and Christina Bijou, 10
The difference between the 2023– identifying changes for small subgroups of
“Poverty in the United States: 2024,” 2024 percent change in median household the population.
Current Population Reports, P60-287, income for male householders with no 15
The difference between the 2023–
U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC, spouse present and female householders 2024 percent change in median household
September 2025, <www.census.gov/ with no spouse present was not statistically income for householders under the age
library/publications/2025/demo/p60-287. significant. of 65 and aged 65 and over was not
html>, and Lisa N. Bunch and Halelujha 11
Federal surveys give respondents the statistically significant.
Ketema, “Health Insurance Coverage in the option of reporting more than one race. 16
The differences between the 2023–
United States: 2024,” Current Population Therefore, two basic ways of defining a 2024 percent change in median household
Reports, P60-288, U.S. Census Bureau, race group are possible. A group, such incomes for the following age groups
Washington, DC, September 2025, <www. as Asian, may be defined as those who were not statistically significant from
census.gov/library/publications/2025/ reported Asian and no other race (the one another: householders aged 15 to 24
demo/p60-288.html>. race-alone or single-race concept) or compared to householders aged 25 to 34,
4
Median income is the amount that as those who reported Asian regardless householders aged 15 to 24 compared to
divides the income distribution into two of whether they also reported another householders aged 35 to 44, householders
equal groups, one-half having incomes race (the race-alone-or-in-combination aged 15 to 24 compared to householders
above the median and one-half having concept). The body of this report (text aged 45 to 54, householders aged 15 to
incomes below the median. Calculated and figures) shows data using the first 24 compared to householders aged 65
differences throughout this report may approach (race alone). The appendix tables and over, householders aged 25 to 34
differ due to rounding. show data using both approaches. Use compared to householders aged 35 to 44,
5
The difference between the 2023– of the single-race population does not householders aged 25 to 34 compared to
2024 percent change in median household imply that it is the preferred method of householders aged 45 to 54, householders
income for Asian householders and presenting or analyzing data. The Census aged 25 to 34 compared to householders
Hispanic householders was not statistically Bureau uses a variety of approaches. aged 65 and over, householders aged 35 to
significant. In this report, the terms “White, not 44 compared to householders aged 45 to
6
Table A-1 presents estimates for Hispanic” and “non-Hispanic White” are 54, householders aged 35 to 44 compared
median household income in 2023 and used interchangeably and refer to people to householders aged 65 and over,
2024 by additional characteristics. who are not Hispanic and who reported householders aged 45 to 54 compared
7
In the CPS ASEC, group quarters are White and no other race. This report uses to householders aged 65 and over, and
noninstitutional living arrangements for non-Hispanic White as the comparison householders aged 55 to 64 compared to
groups not living in conventional housing group for other race and Hispanic origin householders aged 65 and over.
units or groups living in housing units groups. Since Hispanic individuals may 17
Native-born households are those
containing nine or more persons unrelated be of any race, data in this report for the in which the householder was born in the
to the person in charge. Hispanic population overlap with data for United States, Puerto Rico, the
8
The difference between median race groups. Of those who reported only U.S. Island Areas (American Samoa,
household income in 2023 and 2019 was one race, Hispanic origin was reported by Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern
not statistically significant. Household 17.9 percent of White householders, 6.4 Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin
income in 2019 was the highest, even after percent of Black householders, 2.5 percent Islands), or a foreign country but had at
adjusting for the effect of the CPS ASEC of Asian householders, and 35.9 percent least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. All
survey redesign, subsequent processing of American Indian and Alaska Native other households are considered foreign-
changes, and known nonresponse bias. householders. Data users should be aware born regardless of the date of entry into
For more information on historical income that the different race and Hispanic origin the United States or citizenship status.
comparisons across the recent survey populations consist of many distinct groups The CPS does not interview households
redesigns, refer to “Was Household Income that differ in socioeconomic characteristics, in Puerto Rico or the Island Areas. Of all
the Highest Ever in 2019?” at <www. culture, and nativity, which may affect the householders, 83.0 percent were native-
census.gov/library/stories/2020/09/ interpretation of aggregate results. Data born; 9.5 percent were foreign-born,
was-household-income-the-highest- were first collected for Hispanic individuals naturalized citizens; and 7.5 percent were
ever-in-2019.html>. Refer to Appendix A in 1972 and for Asian and Pacific Islander not U.S. citizens.
for information on business cycles and individuals in 1987. More information is 18
Information on educational
recessions as defined by the National available at <www.census.gov/programs- attainment in the CPS ASEC is available
Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). For surveys/cps.html>. at <www.census.gov/programs-surveys/
more information on changes in household 12
The difference between the 2023– cps/technical-documentation/subject-
income during previous recessions, refer 2024 percent change in median household definitions.html#educationalattainment>.
to Carmen DeNavas-Walt, Bernadette D. income for Asian householders and Householders aged 25 and older with an
Proctor, and Jessica C. Smith, “Income, Hispanic householders was not statistically associate’s degree are included in the
Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage significant. “some college” category.
in the United States: 2008,” Current 13
The difference between the 2023– 19
The differences among the 2023–2024
Population Reports, P60-236, U.S. Census 2024 percent change in median household percent changes in median household
Bureau, Washington, DC, September income for White householders and income for all levels of educational
2009, <https://www2.census.gov/library/ non-Hispanic White householders was not attainment were not statistically significant.
publications/2009/demo/p60-236/p60- statistically significant.
236.pdf>.
10 Income in the United States: 2024 U.S. Census Bureau
Extracted source page 17
20
Money income is the baseline 23
The difference between the 2023– 26
For school personnel, summer
measure of income in this report. Money 2024 percent changes in the ratio of the vacation is counted as weeks worked if they
income is calculated pretax, meaning these 90th to the 50th percentile and the ratio are scheduled to return to their job in the
inequality estimates do not reflect the of the 90th to the 10th percentile was not fall. For more detailed information on work
direct redistributive effects of tax policy. statistically significant. experience, refer to Table PINC-05, “Work
Refer to Appendix A for a detailed list of 24
The following differences between the Experience in 2024—People 15 Years Old
all income components. For inequality 2023–2024 percent changes in the share and Over by Total Money Earnings in 2024,
estimates based on post-tax income, refer of aggregate household income were not Age, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex” at
to Appendix B. statistically significant: lowest quintile and <www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/
21
The differences between the 2023– second quintile; second quintile and third demo/income-poverty/cps-pinc/pinc-05.
2024 percent changes in household income quintile; and second quintile and top 5 html>.
were not statistically significant between percent. 27
The differences between the 2023–
the 10th and 50th percentiles and between 25
For more details on the three- 2024 percent changes in median earnings
the 10th and 90th percentiles. parameter equivalence scale, refer to the were not statistically significant for most
22
Christopher Wimer, Zachary Parolin, “Supplemental Poverty Measure: Technical pairwise comparisons by age group. The
Amy Fenton, Liana Fox, and Christopher Documentation” at <https://www2.census. only exceptions were statistically significant
Jencks, “The Direct Effect of Taxes and gov/programs-surveys/supplemental- differences between the change for 35 to
Transfers on Changes in the U.S. Income poverty-measure/datasets/spm/spm_ 44 years compared to 45 to 54 years and
Distribution, 1967–2015,” Demography, techdoc.pdf>. 45 to 54 years compared to 65 years and
Vol. 57, October 2020, pp. 1833–1851. older.
U.S. Census Bureau Income in the United States: 2024 11
Extracted source page 18
Appendix A. Estimates of Income
HOW INCOME IS MEASURED
For each person 15 years and Business Cycles—Recessions
older in the sample, the Current Peak month Year Trough month Year
Population Survey Annual Social November 1948 October 1949
and Economic Supplement (CPS July 1953 May 1954
ASEC) asks questions on the
August 1957 April 1958
amount of money income received
in the preceding calendar year April 1960 February 1961
from each of the following sources: December 1969 November 1970
1. Earnings. November 1973 March 1975
January 1980 July 1980
2. Unemployment compensation.
July 1981 November 1982
3. Workers’ compensation.
July 1990 March 1991
4. Social Security.
March 2001 November 2001
5. Supplemental Security
Income. December 2007 June 2009
6. Public assistance. February 2020 April 2020
Source: National Bureau of Economic Research, <www.nber.org/research/
7. Veterans’ payments. data/us-business-cycle-expansions-and-contractions>.
8. Survivor benefits.
9. Disability benefits.
Money income does not reflect at the time of the interview.
10. Pension or retirement income.
that some families receive noncash The CPS ASEC collects income
11. Interest. benefits such as nutritional data for people who are current
12. Dividends. assistance, health benefits, and residents but did not reside in the
13. Rents, royalties, and subsidized housing. In addition, household during the previous
estates and trusts. money income does not reflect year. Data users should consider
that noncash benefits often take these elements when comparing
14. Educational assistance.
the form of the use of business income levels. For many different
15. Alimony.
transportation and facilities, full or reasons, many respondents tend
16. Child support. partial payments by a business for to misreport or not report their
17. Financial assistance from retirement programs, medical and income sources.1 Income earned
outside of the household. educational expenses, etc. from wages or salaries is the
18. Other income. largest component of money
Although the income statistics
income and tends to be more
Data on income collected in the refer to receipts during the
accurately reported than other
CPS ASEC by the U.S. Census preceding calendar year, the
income sources. The weighted
Bureau cover money income demographic characteristics, such
totals for wages and salaries
received (exclusive of certain as age, labor force status, and
are in line with other aggregate
money receipts such as capital household composition, are as of
benchmarks.2 Still, estimates in this
gains) before payments for the survey date. The income of
report are affected by ongoing
personal income taxes, Social the household does not include
challenges of nonresponse and
Security, union dues, Medicare amounts received by people who
misreporting. More details on the
deductions, etc. Money income were members during all or part of
effect of nonresponse bias are
also excludes tax credits such as the previous year if these people
available in Appendix C.
the Earned Income Tax Credit. no longer resided in the household
12 Income in the United States: 2024 U.S. Census Bureau
Extracted source page 19
BUSINESS CYCLES— Annual Index Value and Annual Percent Change in Price Series
RECESSIONS Used to Adjust Historical Income Estimates: 1947 to 2024
Business cycle peaks and troughs C-CPI-U¹ C-CPI-U¹
Income Index Percent Income Index Percent
used to delineate the beginning year (December change from (December change from
year
and end of recessions, as shown 1999 = 100) year prior 1999 = 100) year prior
in the text box “Business Cycles— 1947. . . . . . . 15.1 X 1986. . . . . . 68.0 1.6
Recessions,” are determined by 1948. . . . . . . 16.4 8.6 1987. . . . . . 70.3 3.4
1949. . . . . . . 16.2 –1.2 1988. . . . . . 72.9 3.7
the National Bureau of Economic
1950. . . . . . . 16.4 1.2 1989. . . . . . 76.1 4.4
Research (NBER), a private 1951. . . . . . . 17.7 7.9 1990. . . . . . 79.8 4.9
research organization. The data 1952. . . . . . . 18.0 1.7 1991. . . . . . 82.7 3.6
1953. . . . . . . 18.1 0.6 1992. . . . . . 84.8 2.5
points in the time series charts
1954. . . . . . . 18.3 1.1 1993. . . . . . 86.9 2.5
in this report use July as a 1955. . . . . . . 18.2 –0.5 1994. . . . . . 88.8 2.2
reference. According to the NBER 1956. . . . . . . 18.5 1.6 1995. . . . . . 90.9 2.4
chronology, the most recent peak 1957. . . . . . . 19.1 3.2 1996. . . . . . 93.3 2.6
1958. . . . . . . 19.6 2.6 1997. . . . . . 95.3 2.1
occurred in February 2020. The 1959. . . . . . . 19.8 1.0 1998. . . . . . 96.6 1.4
most recent trough occurred in 1960. . . . . . . 20.1 1.5 1999. . . . . . 98.6 2.1
April 2020. More information on 1961. . . . . . . 20.3 1.0 2000. . . . . . 102.0 3.4
1962. . . . . . . 20.5 1.0 2001. . . . . . 104.3 2.3
business cycle dating is available 1963. . . . . . . 20.8 1.5 2002. . . . . . 105.6 1.2
at <www.nber.org/research/ 1964. . . . . . . 21.0 1.0 2003. . . . . . 107.8 2.1
business-cycle-dating>. 1965. . . . . . . 21.4 1.9 2004. . . . . . 110.5 2.5
1966. . . . . . . 22.0 2.8 2005. . . . . . 113.7 2.9
1967. . . . . . . 22.7 3.2 2006. . . . . . 117.0 2.9
COST-OF-LIVING 1968. . . . . . . 23.6 4.0 2007. . . . . . 120.0 2.6
ADJUSTMENT 1969. . . . . . . 24.6 4.2 2008. . . . . . 124.4 3.7
1970. . . . . . . 25.8 4.9 2009. . . . . . 123.9 –0.4
To accurately assess changes in 1971. . . . . . . 26.9 4.3 2010. . . . . . 125.6 1.4
income and earnings over time, 1972. . . . . . . 27.8 3.3 2011. . . . . . 129.5 3.1
1973. . . . . . . 29.5 6.1 2012. . . . . . 132.0 1.9
an adjustment for changes in the 1974. . . . . . . 32.4 9.8 2013. . . . . . 133.6 1.2
cost of living is required. This 1975. . . . . . . 35.1 8.3 2014. . . . . . 135.5 1.4
report and the associated tables 1976. . . . . . . 37.1 5.7 2015. . . . . . 135.4 –0.1
1977. . . . . . . 39.5 6.5 2016. . . . . . 136.6 0.9
and figures adjust historical
1978. . . . . . . 42.2 6.8 2017. . . . . . 139.0 1.8
income estimates using price 1979. . . . . . . 46.2 9.5 2018. . . . . . 141.8 2.0
indexes produced by the Bureau 1980. . . . . . . 51.3 11.0 2019. . . . . . 143.9 1.5
1981. . . . . . . 56.2 9.6 2020. . . . . . 145.4 1.0
of Labor Statistics (BLS). The
1982. . . . . . . 59.6 6.0 2021. . . . . . 151.9 4.5
Census Bureau combines several 1983. . . . . . . 62.1 4.2 2022. . . . . . 163.6 7.7
price indexes because no single 1984. . . . . . . 64.7 4.2 2023. . . . . . 170.0 3.9
price index is available for all 1985. . . . . . . 66.9 3.4 2024. . . . . . 174.4 2.6
years for which income estimates X Not applicable.
1
To account for changes in the cost of living, the U.S. Census Bureau adjusts all prior year
are available. The Chained income and earnings estimates for inflation using price indexes produced by the Bureau of
Consumer Price Index for All Labor Statistics (BLS). The Chained Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (C-CPI-U)
is used between 2000 and 2024, and the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers
Urban Consumers (C-CPI-U) is Retroactive Series (R-CPI-U-RS) is used between 1978 and 1999. For 1967 to 1977, the Census
used between 2000 and 2024, Bureau uses the CPI-U-X1 series, which is an experimental series that preceded the R-CPI-U-RS
and estimates the inflation rate in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U)
and the Consumer Price Index for when applying the current rental equivalence method of measuring the cost of homeownership
All Urban Consumers Retroactive for years prior to 1983. For years before 1967, the Census Bureau uses the CPI-U. To combine
these four series into one continuous series, the values in each range of years are proportion-
Series (R-CPI-U-RS) is used ally adjusted using the ratio or ratios of index values from subsequent overlapping series years:
between 1978 and 1999. For years 1967, 1978, and 2000. For example, CPI-U values prior to 1967 are adjusted to the C-CPI-U
scale using the ratio of the CPI-U to CPI-U-X1 in 1967, the ratio of the CPI-U-X1 to R-CPI-U-RS
1967 through 1977, the Census in 1978, and the ratio of the C-CPI-U to the R-CPI-U-RS in 2000.
Bureau uses the CPI-U-X1 series, Note: Data users can compute the percentage changes in prices between earlier years’ data
and 2024 data by dividing the annual average C-CPI-U for 2024 by the annual average for the
which is an experimental series
earlier year(s). More information on the C-CPI-U is available at <www.bls.gov/cpi/additional-
that preceded the R-CPI-U-RS and resources/chained-cpi.htm>. C-CPI-U values downloaded from BLS on May 19, 2025.
estimates the inflation rate in the
U.S. Census Bureau Income in the United States: 2024 13
Extracted source page 20
Consumer Price Index for All Urban For example, CPI-U values prior to ENDNOTES
Consumers (CPI-U) when applying 1967 are adjusted to the C-CPI-U 1
For more information about the
the current rental equivalence scale using the ratio of the CPI-U extent and nature of nonresponse and
misreporting, refer to Adam Bee, Joshua
method of measuring the cost of to CPI-U-X1 in 1967, the ratio of Mitchell, Nikolas Mittag, Jonathan
homeownership for years prior the CPI-U-X1 to R-CPI-U-RS in Rothbuam, Carl Sanders, Lawrence
Schmidt, and Matthew Unrath, “National
to 1983. For years before 1967, 1978, and the ratio of the C-CPI-U Experimental Wellbeing Statistics,” SEHSD
the Census Bureau uses the CPI- to the R-CPI-U-RS in 2000. The Working Paper #2023-02, U.S. Census
Bureau, Washington, DC, 2023, <www.
U. To combine these four series index values constructed for this census.gov/library/working-papers/2023/
into one continuous series, the continuous series are shown in the demo/SEHSD-WP2023-02.html>.
2
Jonathan Rothbaum, “Comparing
values in each range of years are text box “Annual Index Value and Income Aggregates: How Do the CPS
proportionally adjusted using the Annual Percent Change in Price and ACS Match the National Income and
Product Accounts, 2007–2012,” SEHSD
ratio or ratios of index values from Series Used to Adjust Historical Working Paper #2015-01, U.S. Census
subsequent overlapping series Income Estimates: 1947 to 2024.” Bureau, Washington, DC, 2015, <www.
census.gov/library/working-papers/2015/
years: 1967, 1978, and 2000.
demo/SEHSD-WP2015-01.html>.
14 Income in the United States: 2024 U.S. Census Bureau
Extracted source page 21
Table A-1.
Income Summary Measures by Selected Characteristics: 2023 and 2024
(Income in 2024 dollars, adjusted using the C-CPI-U. Households as of March of the following year. Information on confidential-
ity protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/
cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>)
2023 2024 Percent change in
Median income Median income real median income
Characteristic (dollars) (dollars) (2024 less 2023)*, 2
Number Margin of Number Margin of Margin of
(thousands) Estimate error¹ (±) (thousands) Estimate error¹ (±) Estimate error¹ (±)
HOUSEHOLDS
All households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,200 82,690 651 134,800 83,730 1,050 1.3 1.41
Type of Household
Family households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,680 105,500 1,232 85,960 108,600 1,466 *3.0 1.64
Married-couple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,300 122,500 1,616 62,850 128,700 1,753 *5.0 1.81
Female householder, no spouse present . . . . 15,180 61,010 1,820 15,720 60,440 1,089 –0.9 3.02
Male householder, no spouse present . . . . . . . 7,208 84,010 2,113 7,398 83,260 2,445 –0.9 3.77
Nonfamily households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,530 50,890 919 48,830 50,960 703 0.1 2.03
Female householder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,680 43,230 972 25,320 44,870 1,256 *3.8 3.48
Male householder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,850 58,680 1,221 23,510 58,000 1,866 –1.2 3.49
Race³ and Hispanic Origin of Householder
White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,900 86,820 1,212 103,100 88,010 1,272 1.4 1.88
White, not Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,440 91,360 1,265 84,700 92,530 1,271 1.3 1.79
Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,040 57,950 1,362 18,590 56,020 1,244 *–3.3 2.92
Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,655 115,800 4,295 8,304 121,700 3,993 *5.1 4.91
Hispanic (any race) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,860 67,240 1,292 21,100 70,950 1,001 *5.5 2.19
Age of Householder
Under 65 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,590 94,870 1,116 95,500 97,030 1,089 *2.3 1.54
15 to 24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,881 56,350 2,944 6,012 60,310 2,128 *7.0 6.71
25 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,910 88,000 1,221 21,180 90,100 2,485 2.4 3.07
35 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,060 103,900 1,266 23,640 106,100 1,751 *2.1 1.87
45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,660 113,600 1,936 21,740 116,800 2,556 *2.8 2.67
55 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,080 92,990 1,819 22,920 91,620 2,028 –1.5 2.73
65 years and older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,630 56,130 1,044 39,290 56,680 985 1.0 2.41
Nativity of Householder
Native-born . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110,300 83,820 701 111,900 84,490 1,075 0.8 1.41
Foreign-born . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,920 75,260 2,612 22,840 80,590 1,648 *7.1 3.96
Naturalized citizen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,220 88,290 2,845 12,770 92,340 3,265 4.6 4.66
Not a citizen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,700 63,030 1,138 10,080 70,160 3,138 *11.3 5.03
Region
Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,590 88,480 1,863 23,200 92,000 2,792 *4.0 3.22
Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,410 83,120 1,353 28,490 82,220 1,812 –1.1 2.52
South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,550 75,180 1,795 52,530 76,490 951 1.7 2.49
West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,670 90,580 2,270 30,570 94,650 2,301 *4.5 3.32
Residence⁴
Inside metropolitan statistical areas . . . . . . . . . . 114,300 85,750 1,169 116,500 87,410 1,110 *1.9 1.71
Inside principal cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,910 75,440 1,587 44,700 77,450 1,615 *2.7 2.59
Outside principal cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,360 92,480 1,115 71,820 94,250 1,528 *1.9 1.83
Outside metropolitan statistical areas . . . . . . . . . 17,950 64,140 1,767 18,270 63,750 2,247 –0.6 3.88
Educational Attainment of Householder
Total, aged 25 and older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,300 84,140 650 128,800 85,580 846 *1.7 1.19
No high school diploma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,546 37,570 1,192 9,678 36,900 1,068 –1.8 3.89
High school, no college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,810 57,250 1,014 31,960 58,410 1,659 2.0 3.18
Some college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,830 75,510 1,580 34,540 76,520 1,042 1.3 2.29
Bachelor’s degree or higher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,150 130,100 1,499 52,600 132,700 2,190 *2.0 1.83
* An asterisk preceding an estimate indicates change is statistically different from zero at the 90 percent confidence level.
¹ A margin of error (MOE) is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the MOE in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. This number, when added to
and subtracted from the estimate, forms the 90 percent confidence interval. MOEs shown in this table are based on standard errors calculated using replicate weights.
² Calculated estimate may be different due to rounded components.
³ Federal surveys give respondents the option of reporting more than one race. Therefore, two basic ways of defining a race group are possible. A group, such as Asian, may be
defined as those who reported Asian and no other race (the race-alone or single-race concept) or as those who reported Asian regardless of whether they also reported another race (the
race-alone-or-in-combination concept). This table shows data using the first approach (race alone). The use of the single-race population does not imply that it is the preferred method of
presenting or analyzing data. The Census Bureau uses a variety of approaches. Data for American Indians and Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians or Pacific Islanders, and those reporting Two
or More Races are not shown separately.
⁴ Information on metropolitan statistical areas and principal cities is available at <www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro/about/glossary.html>.
Note: Median income estimates are calculated using linear interpolation and $2,500 intervals.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2024 and 2025 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC; DMS number P-7534374,
DRB approval number CBDRB-FY25-0384).
U.S. Census Bureau Income in the United States: 2024 15
Extracted source page 22
Table A-2.
16 Income in the United States: 2024
Households by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967 to 2024—Con.
(Income in 2024 dollars, adjusted using the C-CPI-U (2000–2024) and R-CPI-U-RS (pre-2000). Households as of March of the following year. Information on confidenti-
ality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>)
Median income Mean income
Race and Hispanic Percent distribution
(dollars) (dollars)
origin of
householder Number $15,000 $25,000 $35,000 $50,000 $75,000 $100,000 $150,000
and year¹ (thou- Under to to to to to to to $200,000 Margin of Margin of
sands) Total $15,000 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999 $99,999 $149,999 $199,999 and over Estimate error² (±) Estimate error² (±)
ALL RACES
2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,800 100 7.1 6.4 6.8 9.9 15.1 12.0 16.7 10.1 16.0 83,730 1,050 121,000 1,211
2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,200 100 7.3 6.6 6.8 9.9 15.6 12.0 17.0 9.7 15.0 82,690 651 117,500 1,126
2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,400 100 7.8 6.9 7.4 10.0 15.9 12.0 17.1 9.4 13.6 79,500 1,031 113,400 1,102
2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,200 100 7.8 7.2 7.1 9.9 15.2 11.8 16.5 9.5 15.1 81,270 695 117,500 1,182
2020³ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,200 100 7.4 7.2 6.8 10.2 15.1 12.1 16.7 9.5 14.9 81,580 1,056 116,900 1,259
2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,500 100 7.1 6.7 6.6 10.2 15.3 12.1 17.0 9.7 15.2 83,260 1,096 118,900 1,263
2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,600 100 8.0 7.3 7.0 10.8 15.5 12.6 16.6 9.1 13.0 77,700 850 110,700 1,104
2017⁴ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,700 100 7.8 7.4 7.8 10.7 15.2 12.3 16.5 9.1 13.1 76,710 664 110,000 1,177
2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,600 100 7.9 7.5 7.8 10.6 15.0 12.2 16.7 9.5 12.8 77,000 691 108,200 1,073
2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,200 100 8.1 7.5 7.9 10.8 15.6 12.4 16.6 9.0 12.2 75,380 916 106,200 985
2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,800 100 8.3 8.1 8.4 11.1 15.4 12.1 16.6 9.0 11.1 72,790 680 102,100 854
2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,600 100 9.1 8.5 8.7 11.3 15.9 12.2 15.7 8.5 10.3 69,060 830 97,480 944
2013⁵ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,900 100 9.0 8.7 8.5 11.1 15.6 12.5 15.9 8.3 10.4 69,950 1,404 98,160 1,426
2013⁶ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,000 100 8.9 9.0 8.4 11.7 16.2 12.7 15.8 8.1 9.2 67,800 593 94,820 1,072
2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,500 100 8.9 8.9 9.0 11.7 16.2 12.7 15.7 8.0 9.0 67,400 454 94,170 915
2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,100 100 9.0 8.7 8.7 12.3 16.3 12.2 15.8 7.7 9.2 67,410 556 93,840 815
2010⁷ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,900 100 9.0 8.9 8.7 11.6 16.1 12.5 16.0 8.2 9.1 68,420 742 93,580 822
2009⁸ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,500 100 8.1 8.2 8.6 12.2 16.5 12.7 16.3 8.2 9.3 70,070 493 95,680 563
2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,200 100 8.0 8.3 8.4 12.1 16.3 12.5 16.8 8.3 9.3 70,520 316 95,930 558
2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,800 100 7.8 8.5 7.9 11.1 16.6 12.5 17.2 8.8 9.8 73,010 335 98,260 564
2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,000 100 7.9 7.9 7.9 11.8 16.9 12.5 16.7 8.6 9.8 71,850 508 99,230 630
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,400 100 8.0 8.6 8.0 11.7 16.1 13.3 16.4 8.6 9.3 71,060 391 97,160 603
2004⁹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,300 100 8.1 8.7 8.3 11.8 16.2 13.1 16.7 8.3 9.0 69,970 509 95,430 592
2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112,000 100 8.1 8.7 8.1 11.6 16.4 12.6 16.8 8.6 9.0 70,080 500 95,560 575
2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,300 100 8.1 8.6 8.1 11.8 16.4 12.9 17.1 8.5 8.6 70,040 378 95,540 590
2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109,300 100 7.6 8.2 8.4 11.2 17.0 12.9 17.3 8.5 8.9 70,610 355 97,330 638
200010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108,200 100 7.4 8.2 8.0 11.4 16.8 13.2 17.6 8.3 9.1 71,790 371 97,690 633
199911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,400 100 7.4 8.2 8.0 11.8 16.7 13.0 17.5 8.5 8.8 71,980 553 96,820 826
1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,900 100 8.1 8.3 8.1 11.7 16.9 13.5 17.3 8.1 8.0 70,200 683 93,620 832
1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,500 100 8.4 8.7 8.6 11.9 17.0 13.4 16.9 7.7 7.4 67,720 515 90,940 837
1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,000 100 8.5 9.2 8.7 12.1 17.2 13.4 17.0 7.0 6.8 66,340 550 88,080 812
199512 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,630 100 8.5 9.3 8.9 12.2 17.5 13.9 16.3 7.1 6.3 65,380 622 86,220 776
199413 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,990 100 9.2 9.6 8.9 12.7 17.4 13.2 16.2 6.6 6.2 63,370 475 84,710 750
199314 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97,110 100 9.6 9.7 8.8 12.3 18.1 12.9 16.1 6.7 5.8 62,700 482 83,140 740
U.S. Census Bureau
199215 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,430 100 9.6 9.6 9.0 12.1 18.1 13.6 16.4 6.4 5.3 63,010 491 79,880 551
1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,670 100 9.3 9.1 8.9 12.3 18.4 14.0 16.2 6.5 5.3 63,530 503 79,970 541
1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,310 100 9.0 8.9 8.6 12.2 18.4 14.3 16.4 6.7 5.5 65,440 550 81,740 568
Footnotes available at end of table.
Extracted source page 23
Table A-2.
U.S. Census Bureau
Households by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967 to 2024—Con.
(Income in 2024 dollars, adjusted using the C-CPI-U (2000–2024) and R-CPI-U-RS (pre-2000). Households as of March of the following year. Information on confidenti-
ality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>)
Median income Mean income
Race and Hispanic Percent distribution
(dollars) (dollars)
origin of
householder Number $15,000 $25,000 $35,000 $50,000 $75,000 $100,000 $150,000
and year¹ (thou- Under to to to to to to to $200,000 Margin of Margin of
sands) Total $15,000 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999 $99,999 $149,999 $199,999 and over Estimate error² (±) Estimate error² (±)
1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,350 100 8.6 8.8 8.6 12.0 18.1 14.2 16.8 7.0 5.8 66,240 599 83,690 599
1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,830 100 9.3 8.9 8.5 12.2 18.0 14.3 16.8 6.6 5.4 65,130 523 81,380 598
198716 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91,120 100 9.5 9.1 8.6 12.2 17.9 14.3 16.8 6.5 5.1 64,650 502 80,400 543
1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89,480 100 9.7 9.1 8.7 12.4 18.1 14.5 16.7 6.1 4.8 63,850 544 78,890 527
198517 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88,460 100 9.7 9.6 9.1 12.8 18.7 14.5 16.0 5.7 4.1 61,570 549 75,770 493
198418 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,790 100 9.6 9.9 9.0 13.2 18.9 14.2 15.8 5.5 3.9 60,420 452 74,030 448
1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,410 100 10.2 9.7 9.7 13.2 19.4 14.3 15.0 5.0 3.5 58,650 439 71,340 439
1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,920 100 10.2 10.1 9.1 13.5 19.7 14.4 14.8 4.8 3.3 59,020 438 71,130 433
1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,530 100 9.9 10.2 9.6 13.5 19.0 15.1 14.9 5.1 2.8 59,190 510 70,710 424
1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,370 100 9.6 10.0 9.3 12.8 19.7 15.1 15.6 4.9 3.0 60,210 509 71,610 431
197919 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,780 100 9.3 9.6 8.9 13.1 18.7 15.9 16.0 5.2 3.3 62,140 484 73,810 460
1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,330 100 9.2 9.8 9.1 13.0 19.2 15.5 16.2 4.8 3.3 62,260 415 73,270 462
1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,030 100 9.5 10.3 9.1 13.1 19.6 15.7 15.4 4.5 2.8 59,920 370 71,080 356
197620 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,140 100 9.6 10.0 9.3 13.3 19.8 16.1 15.1 4.2 2.6 59,630 363 70,150 356
197521 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,870 100 9.7 10.5 9.3 13.6 20.5 15.8 14.4 3.8 2.4 58,630 392 68,460 351
197421, 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,160 100 9.2 9.8 9.1 12.9 21.2 15.8 15.1 4.3 2.6 60,270 381 70,480 363
1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,860 100 9.4 9.8 8.5 12.3 20.7 16.0 15.7 4.6 2.9 62,150 389 71,870 360
197223 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,250 100 10.2 9.3 9.0 12.6 20.8 16.4 14.8 4.3 2.7 60,830 382 70,800 361
197124 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,680 100 11.1 9.2 9.1 13.3 22.1 16.0 13.4 3.8 2.1 58,530 373 67,320 352
1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,780 100 11.2 8.9 8.7 13.1 22.9 15.7 13.9 3.6 2.2 59,040 356 67,600 356
1969 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,400 100 11.2 8.5 8.3 13.5 23.0 16.4 13.6 3.4 2.1 59,470 362 67,660 350
1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,210 100 11.4 8.9 8.7 14.0 24.5 15.7 12.2 2.9 1.7 57,220 340 64,730 340
196725 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,810 100 12.3 9.7 8.7 15.1 23.3 15.7 10.6 2.8 1.8 54,880 329 61,380 329
WHITE ALONE
Income in the United States: 2024 17
2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,100 100 6.0 5.9 6.5 9.7 15.0 12.2 17.4 10.8 16.5 88,010 1,272 124,500 1,412
2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,900 100 6.2 6.1 6.7 9.7 15.5 12.2 17.8 10.3 15.5 86,820 1,212 121,000 1,391
2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,400 100 6.9 6.5 7.1 9.9 15.7 12.2 17.8 9.8 14.0 82,350 928 116,500 1,295
2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,100 100 6.8 6.7 6.8 9.7 15.1 12.0 17.2 10.0 15.7 85,260 1,047 121,500 1,358
2020³ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,900 100 6.2 6.8 6.7 10.0 15.1 12.3 17.3 10.1 15.5 85,920 884 120,600 1,432
2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,600 100 6.0 6.3 6.1 9.9 15.4 12.4 17.7 10.2 16.1 87,510 969 123,300 1,445
2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,500 100 6.7 6.8 6.7 10.5 15.5 12.9 17.5 9.6 13.8 82,330 794 115,500 1,271
2017⁴ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,100 100 6.5 6.9 7.4 10.4 15.2 12.5 17.4 9.6 14.0 81,340 1,057 114,800 1,325
2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,100 100 6.6 7.0 7.5 10.3 15.0 12.4 17.5 10.1 13.5 81,900 859 112,500 1,242
2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,400 100 6.8 7.0 7.6 10.6 15.7 12.6 17.3 9.5 12.9 78,980 701 110,200 1,122
2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,310 100 6.8 7.6 8.3 11.0 15.4 12.3 17.4 9.5 11.7 77,420 807 105,900 996
2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,680 100 7.7 8.0 8.4 11.0 15.9 12.6 16.4 8.9 11.0 73,190 752 101,500 1,107
2013⁵ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,810 100 7.6 8.4 8.2 10.8 15.6 13.0 16.7 8.7 11.0 74,070 1,110 101,600 1,628
2013⁶ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97,770 100 7.4 8.5 8.1 11.5 16.3 13.1 16.7 8.6 9.8 72,130 913 99,000 1,168
2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97,710 100 7.3 8.4 8.7 11.6 16.2 13.1 16.5 8.5 9.6 70,960 835 98,320 1,008
Footnotes available at end of table.
Extracted source page 24
Table A-2.
18 Income in the United States: 2024
Households by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967 to 2024—Con.
(Income in 2024 dollars, adjusted using the C-CPI-U (2000–2024) and R-CPI-U-RS (pre-2000). Households as of March of the following year. Information on confidenti-
ality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>)
Median income Mean income
Race and Hispanic Percent distribution
(dollars) (dollars)
origin of
householder Number $15,000 $25,000 $35,000 $50,000 $75,000 $100,000 $150,000
and year¹ (thou- Under to to to to to to to $200,000 Margin of Margin of
sands) Total $15,000 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999 $99,999 $149,999 $199,999 and over Estimate error² (±) Estimate error² (±)
2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,960 100 7.5 8.1 8.4 12.2 16.6 12.6 16.5 8.1 9.9 70,320 498 98,060 935
2010⁷ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,310 100 7.4 8.5 8.4 11.5 16.2 12.8 16.9 8.6 9.7 71,800 578 97,770 925
2009⁸ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,490 100 6.8 7.7 8.4 11.9 16.6 13.1 17.0 8.7 9.9 73,000 357 99,300 630
2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,300 100 6.7 8.0 8.2 11.7 16.2 12.9 17.7 8.7 9.9 73,340 351 99,800 632
2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,110 100 6.4 8.1 7.7 10.9 16.6 12.7 17.8 9.3 10.4 75,740 368 102,200 641
2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,710 100 6.6 7.5 7.6 11.6 17.0 12.8 17.5 9.0 10.4 75,530 360 103,000 706
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,590 100 6.6 8.1 7.8 11.6 16.3 13.5 17.1 9.1 9.9 74,480 535 101,200 689
2004⁹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,880 100 6.7 8.3 8.0 11.6 16.1 13.4 17.3 8.8 9.6 73,640 475 99,290 672
2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91,960 100 6.8 8.2 7.9 11.6 16.5 12.9 17.5 9.1 9.6 73,820 476 99,640 657
2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91,650 100 6.8 8.2 7.8 11.6 16.2 13.2 17.9 9.0 9.2 74,460 497 99,370 666
WHITE
2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,680 100 6.4 7.9 8.1 10.8 17.1 13.1 18.0 8.9 9.6 74,440 575 101,200 715
200010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,030 100 6.3 8.0 7.8 11.2 16.7 13.4 18.3 8.7 9.7 75,090 546 101,300 714
199911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88,890 100 6.1 7.8 7.9 11.7 16.7 13.3 18.3 9.0 9.3 74,860 623 100,300 934
1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,210 100 6.6 7.9 7.8 11.5 17.0 13.9 18.1 8.5 8.6 73,860 609 97,860 947
1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,110 100 7.1 8.2 8.4 11.7 17.0 13.8 17.6 8.1 8.1 71,320 744 94,980 951
1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,060 100 7.1 8.7 8.4 12.0 17.3 14.0 17.8 7.4 7.4 69,460 590 91,580 892
199512 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,510 100 7.1 8.8 8.7 12.1 17.7 14.2 17.0 7.5 6.9 68,620 590 89,650 855
199413 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,740 100 7.6 9.1 8.6 12.6 17.7 13.5 17.1 7.1 6.7 66,830 617 88,450 846
199314 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,390 100 7.9 9.0 8.6 12.1 18.4 13.5 17.1 7.1 6.3 66,150 634 86,870 825
199215 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,800 100 7.8 9.1 8.7 12.0 18.4 14.1 17.4 6.9 5.7 66,240 528 83,490 612
1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,680 100 7.6 8.6 8.7 12.2 18.7 14.5 17.1 7.0 5.7 66,570 531 83,350 597
1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,970 100 7.4 8.2 8.4 12.2 18.8 14.7 17.3 7.0 5.9 68,250 514 85,040 626
1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,160 100 7.0 8.3 8.4 11.8 18.3 14.7 17.7 7.4 6.2 69,680 558 87,180 663
1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,730 100 7.6 8.2 8.2 12.2 18.4 14.9 17.7 7.0 5.8 68,850 669 84,850 657
198716 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,520 100 7.7 8.5 8.3 12.1 18.3 14.9 17.8 6.9 5.4 68,120 563 83,840 596
1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,280 100 8.1 8.5 8.3 12.2 18.4 15.0 17.6 6.5 5.2 67,130 536 82,170 578
198517 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,580 100 8.2 9.0 8.7 12.6 19.0 15.0 16.7 6.2 4.4 64,930 570 78,880 545
198418 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,330 100 8.1 9.3 8.7 13.1 19.3 14.9 16.6 5.8 4.2 63,740 528 77,080 492
1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,380 100 8.6 9.0 9.4 13.1 20.0 14.9 15.8 5.4 3.9 61,510 457 74,300 476
1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,180 100 8.8 9.5 8.7 13.5 20.1 15.0 15.7 5.2 3.6 61,790 462 74,060 477
1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,850 100 8.4 9.4 9.3 13.3 19.4 15.7 15.8 5.5 3.1 62,540 475 73,680 459
1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,870 100 8.2 9.3 8.9 12.7 20.1 15.8 16.5 5.3 3.2 63,520 537 74,500 470
197919 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,770 100 8.0 8.9 8.5 12.9 19.1 16.5 16.9 5.6 3.6 65,150 509 76,720 503
U.S. Census Bureau
1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,030 100 7.9 9.2 8.8 12.8 19.4 16.2 17.0 5.1 3.6 64,720 469 75,990 503
1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,930 100 8.3 9.6 8.7 12.8 19.9 16.4 16.3 4.8 3.1 63,010 436 73,860 392
197620 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,350 100 8.5 9.3 8.9 13.2 20.1 16.8 16.0 4.5 2.8 62,470 425 72,840 387
197521 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,390 100 8.6 9.8 9.1 13.4 20.8 16.4 15.2 4.0 2.6 61,310 368 70,990 384
Footnotes available at end of table.
Extracted source page 25
Table A-2.
U.S. Census Bureau
Households by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967 to 2024—Con.
(Income in 2024 dollars, adjusted using the C-CPI-U (2000–2024) and R-CPI-U-RS (pre-2000). Households as of March of the following year. Information on confidenti-
ality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>)
Median income Mean income
Race and Hispanic Percent distribution
(dollars) (dollars)
origin of
householder Number $15,000 $25,000 $35,000 $50,000 $75,000 $100,000 $150,000
and year¹ (thou- Under to to to to to to to $200,000 Margin of Margin of
sands) Total $15,000 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999 $99,999 $149,999 $199,999 and over Estimate error² (±) Estimate error² (±)
197421, 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,980 100 8.2 9.1 8.7 12.6 21.6 16.5 15.8 4.7 2.8 63,030 390 73,090 390
1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,970 100 8.5 9.0 8.1 11.9 21.0 16.6 16.7 5.0 3.2 65,130 408 74,650 389
197223 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,620 100 9.1 8.5 8.4 12.2 21.3 17.1 15.6 4.7 2.9 63,820 402 73,560 392
197124 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,460 100 10.1 8.5 8.6 12.9 22.7 16.7 14.2 4.1 2.2 61,220 384 69,750 373
1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,580 100 10.2 8.2 8.3 12.7 23.3 16.4 14.7 3.8 2.3 61,490 389 69,970 378
1969 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,250 100 10.1 7.9 7.9 13.0 23.6 17.1 14.5 3.7 2.3 62,070 373 70,170 385
1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,390 100 10.4 8.2 8.1 13.8 25.2 16.4 12.9 3.1 1.8 59,580 365 67,060 365
196725 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,190 100 11.3 8.8 8.2 14.8 24.1 16.5 11.3 3.0 1.9 57,230 341 63,620 354
WHITE ALONE, NOT
HISPANIC
2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,700 100 5.6 5.8 6.2 9.2 14.3 12.1 17.7 11.3 17.8 92,530 1,271 129,800 1,646
2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,440 100 5.7 5.9 6.4 9.1 14.8 12.1 18.2 10.7 17.0 91,360 1,265 126,600 1,585
2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,490 100 6.4 6.4 6.8 9.5 15.2 12.0 18.2 10.3 15.2 86,410 1,022 121,500 1,507
2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,080 100 6.2 6.6 6.5 9.2 14.4 11.9 17.5 10.5 17.1 89,550 1,240 127,200 1,594
2020³ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,710 100 5.8 6.5 6.4 9.3 14.6 12.1 17.7 10.7 16.9 90,430 1,019 126,400 1,663
2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,870 100 5.6 6.1 5.7 9.3 14.9 12.2 18.0 10.7 17.5 92,180 1,062 129,300 1,647
2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,730 100 6.2 6.4 6.3 9.9 15.1 12.9 18.1 10.1 15.0 86,880 802 120,900 1,438
2017⁴ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,710 100 6.1 6.7 7.0 9.9 14.8 12.3 17.9 10.1 15.2 85,560 1,391 120,100 1,457
2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,680 100 6.1 6.9 7.1 9.9 14.6 12.3 17.8 10.6 14.7 85,500 1,317 117,300 1,364
2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,390 100 6.4 6.7 7.3 10.2 15.3 12.5 17.7 9.9 14.1 83,040 1,071 114,600 1,279
2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,450 100 6.2 7.3 7.8 10.5 15.0 12.3 18.1 10.1 12.7 81,080 1,148 110,200 1,125
2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,230 100 7.3 7.7 7.9 10.5 15.5 12.7 16.9 9.6 12.1 77,550 779 106,100 1,226
2013⁵ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,430 100 7.1 7.8 7.8 10.0 15.5 13.2 17.3 9.3 12.0 78,750 1,145 106,000 1,821
2013⁶ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,640 100 6.8 8.1 7.6 11.0 16.0 13.2 17.3 9.2 10.8 76,070 1,314 103,600 1,355
Income in the United States: 2024 19
2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,790 100 6.6 8.0 8.2 11.1 15.9 13.3 17.2 9.1 10.5 75,320 780 102,800 1,119
2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,570 100 6.8 7.8 8.0 11.6 16.2 12.7 17.2 8.7 10.9 74,620 727 102,400 1,059
2010⁷ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,310 100 6.7 8.2 8.0 10.9 16.0 12.9 17.5 9.2 10.6 75,620 1,019 101,800 1,051
2009⁸ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,160 100 6.2 7.3 8.0 11.3 16.4 13.2 17.6 9.2 10.7 76,660 646 103,100 692
2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,880 100 6.2 7.7 7.8 11.1 15.9 13.0 18.4 9.2 10.8 77,850 519 103,900 699
2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,770 100 5.9 7.8 7.3 10.4 16.2 12.8 18.3 10.0 11.3 79,820 591 106,400 705
2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,680 100 6.1 7.3 7.2 11.2 16.4 12.9 18.0 9.6 11.3 78,140 461 106,900 777
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,000 100 6.2 7.8 7.3 11.1 15.9 13.5 17.7 9.7 10.7 77,900 434 105,200 765
2004⁹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,630 100 6.3 8.1 7.6 11.1 15.8 13.5 18.0 9.3 10.3 77,190 582 103,000 737
2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,150 100 6.4 7.9 7.5 11.0 16.1 13.0 18.1 9.6 10.4 77,290 615 103,400 721
2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,170 100 6.5 7.9 7.4 11.1 15.9 13.3 18.5 9.5 9.8 77,460 500 102,600 717
WHITE, NOT
HISPANIC
2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,820 100 6.1 7.7 7.7 10.5 16.6 13.2 18.5 9.4 10.2 77,430 528 104,400 778
200010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,530 100 6.0 7.8 7.3 10.9 16.4 13.3 18.8 9.2 10.3 78,010 515 104,400 771
Footnotes available at end of table.
Extracted source page 26
Table A-2.
20 Income in the United States: 2024
Households by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967 to 2024—Con.
(Income in 2024 dollars, adjusted using the C-CPI-U (2000–2024) and R-CPI-U-RS (pre-2000). Households as of March of the following year. Information on confidenti-
ality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>)
Median income Mean income
Race and Hispanic Percent distribution
(dollars) (dollars)
origin of
householder Number $15,000 $25,000 $35,000 $50,000 $75,000 $100,000 $150,000
and year¹ (thou- Under to to to to to to to $200,000 Margin of Margin of
sands) Total $15,000 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999 $99,999 $149,999 $199,999 and over Estimate error² (±) Estimate error² (±)
199911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,820 100 5.7 7.4 7.6 11.2 16.4 13.5 18.8 9.5 9.9 78,100 812 103,600 1,010
1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,580 100 6.0 7.5 7.5 11.1 16.8 14.0 18.8 9.0 9.2 76,620 725 101,000 1,016
1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,940 100 6.5 7.8 8.1 11.3 16.9 13.9 18.3 8.6 8.6 74,260 638 98,020 N
1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,240 100 6.5 8.3 8.0 11.7 17.2 14.2 18.5 7.8 7.8 72,500 818 94,350 N
199512 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,930 100 6.4 8.3 8.3 11.7 17.7 14.6 17.7 7.9 7.3 71,330 612 92,580 912
199413 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,000 100 7.0 8.7 8.4 12.4 17.7 13.8 17.6 7.4 7.1 68,990 601 90,700 885
199314 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,700 100 7.4 8.6 8.4 11.8 18.2 13.8 17.6 7.5 6.7 68,580 660 89,160 875
199215 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,110 100 7.3 8.8 8.4 11.7 18.3 14.3 18.0 7.2 6.0 68,460 697 85,610 650
1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,630 100 7.2 8.3 8.4 12.0 18.6 14.7 17.5 7.3 5.9 68,160 552 85,140 624
1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,040 100 7.0 7.9 8.2 12.0 18.7 14.8 17.8 7.3 6.2 69,810 536 86,920 647
1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,500 100 6.6 8.1 8.3 11.6 18.3 14.9 18.0 7.7 6.5 71,180 573 88,930 716
1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,070 100 7.1 8.0 7.9 12.0 18.3 15.1 18.2 7.3 6.0 70,750 685 86,580 669
198716 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,120 100 7.3 8.2 8.1 11.9 18.2 15.1 18.3 7.2 5.6 69,990 641 85,480 653
1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,070 100 7.7 8.3 8.0 12.1 18.4 15.2 18.1 6.7 5.5 68,660 582 83,800 633
198517 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,540 100 7.9 8.7 8.5 12.4 19.0 15.3 17.2 6.4 4.7 66,390 557 80,420 600
198418 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,590 100 7.7 9.0 8.5 13.0 19.3 15.1 17.0 6.0 4.4 65,060 594 78,420 576
1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,650 100 8.2 8.6 9.3 12.9 20.0 15.1 16.2 5.5 4.0 63,090 522 76,250 536
1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,210 100 8.5 9.2 8.6 13.4 20.1 15.2 16.0 5.4 3.8 62,830 520 75,150 529
1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,000 100 8.3 9.2 9.1 13.2 19.3 15.9 16.1 5.7 3.2 63,440 531 74,600 510
1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,110 100 8.0 9.1 8.7 12.6 20.1 16.0 16.8 5.5 3.3 64,640 604 75,470 559
197919 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,200 100 7.9 8.7 8.4 12.7 19.0 16.7 17.2 5.7 3.8 66,070 602 77,610 559
1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,840 100 7.8 9.0 8.6 12.6 19.4 16.3 17.3 5.2 3.7 65,940 571 76,880 544
1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,720 100 8.2 9.4 8.5 12.6 19.9 16.6 16.7 5.0 3.2 64,260 596 74,780 581
197620 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,370 100 8.3 9.1 8.8 13.0 20.1 16.9 16.4 4.6 2.9 63,740 611 73,780 541
197521 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,530 100 8.4 9.7 8.9 13.3 20.8 16.6 15.6 4.2 2.7 61,780 539 71,860 572
197421, 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,160 100 8.1 8.9 8.5 12.4 21.5 16.6 16.2 4.8 2.9 63,570 514 73,920 531
1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,240 100 8.4 8.9 8.0 11.6 20.9 16.7 17.0 5.1 3.3 65,700 506 75,480 525
197223 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,010 100 9.1 8.3 8.2 12.0 21.1 17.3 16.0 4.9 3.0 64,730 506 74,410 547
BLACK ALONE OR IN
COMBINATION
2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,740 100 13.1 9.7 8.9 12.8 17.1 11.4 12.6 6.1 8.4 56,290 1,229 84,440 2,461
2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,240 100 13.7 9.5 8.2 12.3 17.4 12.1 13.1 6.1 7.6 58,350 1,401 83,260 2,413
2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,160 100 12.8 9.2 9.7 12.2 18.4 11.5 12.7 6.4 7.1 57,030 1,646 82,250 2,151
2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,700 100 13.2 10.7 9.2 12.5 16.6 11.7 12.5 5.9 7.7 56,050 1,910 82,120 2,157
2020³ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,290 100 14.3 10.3 8.9 12.6 16.3 11.4 13.5 5.6 7.2 56,080 1,512 82,660 2,209
U.S. Census Bureau
2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,060 100 13.6 10.1 9.8 12.8 16.1 10.9 13.0 6.3 7.3 55,840 1,392 82,320 2,326
2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,100 100 15.7 10.9 9.2 13.5 16.5 11.2 11.5 5.6 5.9 51,280 1,127 73,010 1,641
2017⁴ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,810 100 14.8 11.3 10.2 13.6 15.9 11.0 11.9 5.5 5.8 50,170 1,418 73,240 1,637
Footnotes available at end of table.
Extracted source page 27
Table A-2.
U.S. Census Bureau
Households by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967 to 2024—Con.
(Income in 2024 dollars, adjusted using the C-CPI-U (2000–2024) and R-CPI-U-RS (pre-2000). Households as of March of the following year. Information on confidenti-
ality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>)
Median income Mean income
Race and Hispanic Percent distribution
(dollars) (dollars)
origin of
householder Number $15,000 $25,000 $35,000 $50,000 $75,000 $100,000 $150,000
and year¹ (thou- Under to to to to to to to $200,000 Margin of Margin of
sands) Total $15,000 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999 $99,999 $149,999 $199,999 and over Estimate error² (±) Estimate error² (±)
2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,800 100 15.3 10.7 9.9 13.3 15.9 11.0 12.6 5.7 5.6 50,930 1,034 74,010 1,649
2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,510 100 15.2 11.0 10.3 13.0 16.0 11.7 12.1 5.4 5.3 51,150 1,224 74,210 1,966
2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,320 100 16.3 12.0 10.3 12.8 16.0 10.9 11.8 5.5 4.6 47,930 1,157 70,590 1,837
2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,200 100 16.9 12.3 10.8 13.6 16.6 9.6 10.9 4.9 4.3 45,890 999 66,440 1,467
2013⁵ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,720 100 16.9 11.3 11.2 13.8 16.9 9.8 11.0 4.7 4.4 46,690 1,671 67,450 2,841
2013⁶ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,860 100 16.8 13.2 10.3 14.1 16.5 9.8 10.8 4.7 3.7 45,390 1,503 64,890 1,870
2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,560 100 17.6 12.6 11.4 12.8 16.3 10.2 11.0 4.6 3.4 44,550 1,734 63,630 1,604
2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,170 100 18.4 12.7 10.9 13.3 15.4 10.3 10.7 4.3 3.8 43,590 1,225 63,980 1,712
2010⁷ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,910 100 18.5 12.1 10.8 13.2 16.2 10.2 10.7 4.6 3.5 44,650 1,074 63,180 1,432
2009⁸ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,210 100 16.0 12.1 10.6 14.8 16.4 10.5 11.9 4.2 3.6 46,100 968 65,140 1,195
2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,060 100 15.8 11.1 10.3 15.3 17.4 10.4 11.1 5.0 3.6 48,150 1,012 65,440 1,125
2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,980 100 16.1 11.8 9.6 13.0 17.1 11.0 12.5 5.0 3.9 49,550 1,112 68,060 1,224
2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,710 100 16.3 11.2 10.2 13.9 17.1 11.0 11.4 4.8 4.1 47,900 584 67,810 1,368
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,400 100 16.7 12.3 10.4 13.2 16.3 11.7 11.0 4.7 3.7 47,480 744 65,540 1,173
2004⁹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,150 100 16.8 11.4 10.6 13.8 17.0 10.8 11.9 4.3 3.3 47,720 719 64,330 1,124
2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,970 100 16.3 12.1 10.1 13.7 16.6 11.1 11.8 4.8 3.4 48,030 993 65,220 1,136
2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,780 100 16.1 12.1 10.2 13.8 17.2 10.5 11.6 4.6 3.8 48,190 1,043 66,610 1,277
BLACK ALONE
2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,590 100 13.2 9.7 9.1 12.7 17.1 11.4 12.5 6.1 8.2 56,020 1,244 83,810 2,524
2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,040 100 13.8 9.6 8.3 12.4 17.1 12.1 13.2 6.0 7.5 57,950 1,362 82,800 2,485
2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,080 100 13.0 9.4 9.9 12.2 18.3 11.1 12.8 6.4 7.0 56,350 1,567 81,570 2,254
2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,700 100 13.4 11.0 9.2 12.4 16.6 11.7 12.4 5.7 7.6 55,450 1,927 81,400 2,231
2020³ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,320 100 14.5 10.4 8.9 12.7 16.4 11.4 13.1 5.5 7.1 55,210 1,521 81,280 2,347
2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,050 100 13.9 10.2 9.8 12.9 16.2 10.9 13.1 6.1 7.0 55,070 1,469 80,660 2,281
Income in the United States: 2024 21
2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,170 100 16.0 11.0 9.1 13.6 16.5 11.2 11.3 5.5 5.8 50,870 1,114 72,150 1,655
2017⁴ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,020 100 15.0 11.4 10.2 13.7 15.8 10.9 11.8 5.5 5.7 49,390 1,750 72,810 1,694
2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,000 100 15.6 10.8 9.9 13.3 15.9 10.9 12.3 5.7 5.6 50,510 1,191 73,520 1,703
2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,730 100 15.6 11.0 10.4 13.0 15.9 11.6 12.0 5.3 5.2 50,420 1,514 73,340 1,957
2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,540 100 16.4 12.1 10.3 12.9 15.9 10.8 11.8 5.4 4.5 47,530 1,087 70,010 1,824
2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,440 100 17.0 12.5 10.8 13.8 16.7 9.5 10.8 4.8 4.2 45,560 976 65,940 1,463
2013⁵ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,010 100 17.4 11.5 11.2 13.7 16.5 9.9 10.9 4.6 4.2 46,110 1,840 65,860 2,545
2013⁶ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,110 100 16.9 13.2 10.3 14.1 16.4 9.9 10.8 4.6 3.7 45,160 1,563 64,790 1,900
2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,870 100 17.8 12.7 11.5 12.9 16.4 10.2 10.9 4.5 3.3 44,020 1,717 63,070 1,637
2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,580 100 18.5 12.8 10.9 13.4 15.4 10.3 10.7 4.2 3.7 43,400 1,128 63,640 1,779
2010⁷ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,270 100 18.6 12.2 10.9 13.2 16.3 10.3 10.7 4.5 3.4 44,610 1,140 62,420 1,430
2009⁸ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,730 100 16.1 12.1 10.6 14.8 16.4 10.4 11.9 4.2 3.4 45,860 912 64,810 1,216
2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,600 100 15.9 11.1 10.4 15.3 17.3 10.4 11.1 4.9 3.5 47,970 1,017 65,240 1,148
2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,550 100 16.2 11.8 9.6 13.1 17.0 11.1 12.5 5.0 3.7 49,290 1,136 67,770 1,243
2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,350 100 16.5 11.3 10.2 13.9 17.1 10.9 11.4 4.7 4.0 47,650 591 67,270 1,368
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,000 100 16.8 12.3 10.3 13.2 16.5 11.6 10.9 4.7 3.6 47,330 759 65,120 1,163
Footnotes available at end of table.
Extracted source page 28
Table A-2.
22 Income in the United States: 2024
Households by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967 to 2024—Con.
(Income in 2024 dollars, adjusted using the C-CPI-U (2000–2024) and R-CPI-U-RS (pre-2000). Households as of March of the following year. Information on confidenti-
ality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>)
Median income Mean income
Race and Hispanic Percent distribution
(dollars) (dollars)
origin of
householder Number $15,000 $25,000 $35,000 $50,000 $75,000 $100,000 $150,000
and year¹ (thou- Under to to to to to to to $200,000 Margin of Margin of
sands) Total $15,000 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999 $99,999 $149,999 $199,999 and over Estimate error² (±) Estimate error² (±)
2004⁹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,810 100 16.9 11.5 10.6 13.9 16.9 10.7 11.9 4.3 3.3 47,500 813 64,130 1,142
2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,630 100 16.5 12.1 10.1 13.7 16.7 11.0 11.8 4.8 3.3 47,960 1,027 64,920 1,144
2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,470 100 16.2 12.1 10.2 13.9 17.2 10.4 11.6 4.5 3.7 47,940 1,062 66,080 1,255
BLACK
2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,320 100 15.5 10.9 10.6 13.7 17.3 11.5 12.6 4.8 3.1 49,280 954 65,630 1,139
200010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,170 100 14.9 10.7 10.4 13.5 17.8 12.4 12.0 4.9 3.4 50,720 1,105 66,990 1,117
199911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,840 100 15.6 11.7 9.8 13.8 16.5 11.1 12.2 5.2 4.2 49,370 1,513 68,030 1,606
1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,580 100 17.9 11.7 10.7 13.7 16.5 10.8 11.2 4.5 2.9 45,770 1,179 61,630 1,354
1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,470 100 17.6 12.0 10.8 13.6 17.1 11.4 11.4 3.7 2.5 45,840 1,297 60,320 1,424
1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,110 100 17.8 13.4 11.1 13.5 16.7 10.2 11.3 3.8 2.2 43,890 1,421 60,680 1,949
199512 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,580 100 18.5 13.1 10.9 13.9 16.3 11.6 10.3 3.5 1.9 42,960 1,206 58,330 1,641
199413 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,660 100 20.1 13.1 11.2 13.8 14.8 10.8 10.4 3.6 2.4 41,300 1,263 57,460 1,357
199314 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,280 100 21.2 14.9 10.1 13.6 16.5 9.4 9.3 3.3 1.9 39,200 1,274 54,650 1,492
199215 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,270 100 22.8 13.6 10.7 12.9 16.1 10.2 8.9 3.0 1.6 38,570 1,296 52,340 1,167
1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,080 100 22.0 13.3 10.8 12.5 16.7 11.0 9.3 2.9 1.5 39,660 1,370 52,810 1,134
1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,670 100 21.2 13.8 10.1 13.1 16.1 11.0 9.5 3.6 1.6 40,820 1,532 54,230 1,204
1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,490 100 20.9 12.8 10.6 13.3 16.6 10.6 10.2 3.4 1.6 41,440 1,387 54,990 1,229
1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,560 100 21.8 14.1 10.4 13.0 15.9 9.9 10.2 3.0 1.8 39,250 1,346 53,770 1,291
198716 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,190 100 22.3 13.5 10.9 13.7 16.0 9.9 8.9 3.0 1.7 38,880 1,224 52,500 1,188
1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,922 100 22.1 13.5 11.1 13.3 16.0 10.6 9.2 3.0 1.2 38,680 1,249 51,890 1,160
198517 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,797 100 21.2 14.0 11.5 15.0 15.8 10.1 9.2 2.1 1.0 38,630 1,235 50,400 1,076
198418 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,480 100 21.5 15.5 11.7 14.6 16.1 8.8 8.5 2.4 0.9 36,310 1,148 48,430 980
1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,236 100 23.1 15.3 11.6 14.3 15.6 9.6 8.0 2.0 0.5 34,910 1,076 46,430 942
1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,916 100 22.6 15.1 12.1 14.2 16.9 10.0 7.2 1.4 0.6 35,020 924 46,080 948
1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,961 100 22.1 16.2 11.9 14.4 15.6 10.0 7.8 1.7 0.3 35,090 970 46,100 919
1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,847 100 21.2 15.6 12.5 13.7 16.9 9.3 8.3 1.8 0.6 36,590 1,135 47,490 962
197919 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,586 100 19.7 15.4 11.9 14.9 15.7 11.0 8.8 2.0 0.5 38,250 1,149 49,080 994
1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,066 100 19.4 15.7 11.5 14.3 17.5 10.0 9.2 2.0 0.6 38,890 1,353 49,700 1,067
1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,977 100 19.2 15.8 12.8 15.6 16.7 10.2 7.6 1.6 0.5 37,180 821 47,640 697
197620 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,776 100 18.9 16.6 12.4 14.6 17.6 10.8 7.2 1.5 0.4 37,150 758 47,460 696
197521 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,489 100 20.0 17.1 11.4 14.8 18.0 10.2 6.9 1.2 0.4 36,810 891 45,950 670
197421, 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,263 100 18.9 15.9 12.5 16.1 17.7 9.6 7.8 1.2 0.3 37,490 744 46,620 682
1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,040 100 18.1 16.2 11.6 15.8 18.0 11.2 7.0 1.4 0.7 38,340 982 47,610 778
197223 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,809 100 19.3 15.4 13.3 15.3 17.1 10.5 7.2 1.3 0.6 37,250 918 47,060 826
U.S. Census Bureau
197124 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,578 100 20.3 15.3 13.2 16.2 17.8 9.4 6.4 1.0 0.4 36,160 885 44,810 757
1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,180 100 20.6 14.7 12.0 16.2 18.7 9.1 7.1 1.1 0.4 37,430 845 45,700 812
1969 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,053 100 20.7 14.2 12.5 17.6 18.4 9.7 5.6 0.9 0.3 37,520 910 44,660 781
1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,870 100 21.0 15.5 13.8 16.4 18.4 8.6 5.3 0.8 0.3 35,130 839 42,790 742
196725 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,728 100 22.1 17.4 13.3 17.8 15.7 8.2 3.9 1.2 0.5 33,230 910 39,930 733
Footnotes available at end of table.
Extracted source page 29
Table A-2.
U.S. Census Bureau
Households by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967 to 2024—Con.
(Income in 2024 dollars, adjusted using the C-CPI-U (2000–2024) and R-CPI-U-RS (pre-2000). Households as of March of the following year. Information on confidenti-
ality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>)
Median income Mean income
Race and Hispanic Percent distribution
(dollars) (dollars)
origin of
householder Number $15,000 $25,000 $35,000 $50,000 $75,000 $100,000 $150,000
and year¹ (thou- Under to to to to to to to $200,000 Margin of Margin of
sands) Total $15,000 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999 $99,999 $149,999 $199,999 and over Estimate error² (±) Estimate error² (±)
ASIAN ALONE OR IN
COMBINATION
2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,089 100 5.4 4.0 4.4 6.2 10.9 10.1 17.4 12.7 28.9 120,900 3,244 169,300 5,122
2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,278 100 5.7 4.6 4.5 7.3 11.7 9.9 17.3 11.9 27.2 115,200 3,886 161,900 5,182
2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,160 100 6.7 4.8 4.2 6.3 11.6 10.2 18.9 11.5 25.8 116,600 4,033 157,400 5,068
2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,852 100 7.2 4.2 5.4 5.8 12.2 9.9 17.1 11.8 26.4 116,000 3,110 158,200 5,588
2020³ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,555 100 6.0 5.1 3.9 7.1 12.7 10.1 16.3 11.6 27.2 113,900 4,266 158,500 5,074
2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,334 100 5.4 4.1 4.4 6.6 12.0 10.7 17.8 13.0 25.9 117,700 3,328 159,500 5,264
2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,416 100 7.0 5.0 5.0 7.5 11.8 11.2 17.9 12.1 22.5 106,800 2,990 146,300 4,340
2017⁴ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,124 100 6.9 4.5 5.7 7.3 12.6 12.1 17.1 12.2 21.6 101,600 2,272 142,900 5,261
2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,114 100 7.2 4.6 5.7 6.8 12.3 12.5 16.8 11.9 22.1 101,600 2,378 142,700 4,968
2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,750 100 6.9 4.8 5.6 7.5 11.7 12.4 18.1 12.1 20.9 103,200 2,375 136,500 3,722
2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,640 100 8.0 5.2 5.1 7.4 13.4 11.5 17.7 11.3 20.5 98,870 2,964 135,400 4,659
2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,333 100 7.8 5.0 6.0 9.0 12.0 12.0 18.1 12.7 17.4 96,310 4,194 126,300 4,080
2013⁵ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,160 100 7.8 6.1 4.7 8.2 13.4 12.0 18.6 11.2 18.0 94,600 6,854 131,900 9,070
2013⁶ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,111 100 8.7 5.1 6.5 8.4 13.6 14.1 16.8 11.0 15.8 87,940 3,912 119,200 4,864
2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,872 100 7.8 5.1 6.5 8.2 14.3 13.5 17.5 11.1 16.0 90,080 3,775 121,200 4,116
2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,705 100 8.1 5.9 6.7 9.6 13.5 12.1 19.4 10.8 13.8 87,530 3,465 115,500 4,548
2010⁷ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,550 100 7.9 5.5 7.5 8.3 13.8 12.9 16.6 11.4 16.1 88,210 3,346 116,200 3,673
2009⁸ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,940 100 8.4 5.5 5.7 9.3 13.8 11.6 17.9 10.9 17.0 91,600 3,323 126,800 4,098
2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,805 100 7.8 5.7 6.8 8.9 13.8 10.7 18.0 12.0 16.3 91,920 3,259 121,000 3,429
2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,715 100 7.2 5.6 5.4 8.0 14.0 11.5 20.1 11.4 16.8 95,740 3,314 122,900 3,457
2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,664 100 6.6 5.2 5.2 8.9 14.6 11.9 18.0 12.0 17.6 95,250 3,965 130,500 4,492
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,500 100 7.7 5.9 5.4 7.8 12.5 14.2 18.3 12.2 16.0 93,640 1,839 122,700 3,522
2004⁹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,346 100 7.3 5.7 5.7 8.4 13.7 14.1 18.4 11.6 15.2 90,670 3,006 120,200 3,731
Income in the United States: 2024 23
2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,235 100 9.4 6.6 6.7 6.6 13.9 12.2 18.6 11.5 14.4 89,400 3,279 112,300 3,178
2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,079 100 7.2 5.6 6.6 9.6 14.5 13.5 17.8 11.7 13.5 86,350 2,149 114,700 3,589
ASIAN ALONE
2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,304 100 5.4 3.9 4.5 6.0 10.9 10.2 16.9 12.8 29.3 121,700 3,993 170,300 5,343
2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,655 100 5.8 4.6 4.6 7.2 11.4 9.8 17.2 11.8 27.6 115,800 4,295 162,300 5,438
2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,609 100 7.1 4.6 4.3 6.1 11.5 10.2 18.6 11.6 25.9 115,900 4,142 157,400 5,275
2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,276 100 7.2 4.4 5.5 5.8 12.0 9.7 16.9 11.5 26.9 116,400 3,293 159,500 5,906
2020³ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,002 100 6.0 5.2 4.1 7.1 12.8 9.8 16.1 11.8 27.1 114,200 4,564 157,600 4,927
2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,853 100 5.5 4.1 4.4 6.7 11.8 10.1 18.0 12.9 26.4 119,000 3,718 161,300 5,381
2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,981 100 7.1 5.0 4.8 7.6 11.8 11.0 17.9 12.1 22.8 107,200 3,450 147,400 4,574
2017⁴ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,750 100 6.9 4.6 5.5 7.1 12.6 12.1 17.3 12.2 21.8 102,100 2,231 143,600 5,434
2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,735 100 7.2 4.8 5.5 6.6 12.1 12.6 16.9 11.9 22.3 102,000 2,462 143,200 5,069
2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,392 100 6.9 4.7 5.5 7.5 11.4 12.4 18.2 12.1 21.3 104,000 2,447 137,900 3,822
2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,328 100 7.9 4.9 5.0 7.5 13.3 11.5 17.9 11.1 20.7 99,390 3,596 135,800 4,719
Footnotes available at end of table.
Extracted source page 30
Table A-2.
24 Income in the United States: 2024
Households by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967 to 2024—Con.
(Income in 2024 dollars, adjusted using the C-CPI-U (2000–2024) and R-CPI-U-RS (pre-2000). Households as of March of the following year. Information on confidenti-
ality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>)
Median income Mean income
Race and Hispanic Percent distribution
(dollars) (dollars)
origin of
householder Number $15,000 $25,000 $35,000 $50,000 $75,000 $100,000 $150,000
and year¹ (thou- Under to to to to to to to $200,000 Margin of Margin of
sands) Total $15,000 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999 $99,999 $149,999 $199,999 and over Estimate error² (±) Estimate error² (±)
2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,040 100 8.0 5.1 6.1 8.9 11.9 12.0 17.7 12.9 17.4 95,630 4,461 125,600 4,065
2013⁵ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,818 100 8.0 6.0 4.9 7.8 13.4 12.2 18.2 11.4 18.1 94,490 7,219 132,100 9,590
2013⁶ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,759 100 8.7 5.2 6.6 8.6 13.5 14.2 16.3 11.2 15.7 87,550 3,693 118,500 4,952
2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,560 100 7.8 5.2 6.5 8.2 14.0 13.3 17.8 11.1 16.0 90,680 4,108 120,800 3,990
2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,374 100 8.0 5.8 6.7 9.7 13.5 12.2 19.4 10.9 13.7 87,710 3,471 115,300 4,592
2010⁷ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,212 100 8.1 5.4 7.5 8.2 13.3 12.8 16.6 11.5 16.6 89,230 3,598 117,400 3,874
2009⁸ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,687 100 8.4 5.5 5.7 9.2 13.5 11.9 17.8 11.1 17.1 92,150 2,934 127,800 4,272
2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,573 100 7.9 5.7 6.8 8.8 13.9 10.6 17.9 11.9 16.5 92,020 3,196 120,800 3,466
2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,494 100 7.2 5.7 5.4 7.9 13.9 11.3 20.2 11.5 16.8 96,070 3,311 123,600 3,586
2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,454 100 6.7 5.3 5.2 9.0 14.3 11.8 17.9 11.8 18.0 95,750 4,105 131,600 4,659
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,273 100 7.7 6.1 5.3 7.8 12.1 14.5 18.2 12.3 16.0 93,710 1,797 122,900 3,565
2004⁹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,123 100 7.2 5.7 5.8 8.4 13.5 14.0 18.3 11.6 15.4 90,760 3,173 120,800 3,842
2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,040 100 9.6 6.5 6.6 6.4 13.9 12.3 18.5 11.6 14.7 90,110 2,911 113,200 3,297
2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,917 100 7.2 5.6 6.7 9.7 14.3 13.4 17.7 11.8 13.8 86,910 2,502 115,700 3,711
ASIAN AND PACIFIC
ISLANDER
2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,071 100 6.9 5.5 6.5 8.7 14.8 12.8 18.3 11.6 15.0 89,680 3,521 122,300 4,750
200010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,963 100 6.4 5.0 5.8 8.3 15.0 11.6 21.0 10.6 16.3 95,330 2,675 124,500 4,250
199911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,742 100 7.4 5.8 5.0 8.5 16.7 11.5 19.0 9.7 16.5 90,140 5,226 119,200 4,970
1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,308 100 7.9 5.5 6.0 9.6 15.8 13.2 18.9 11.5 11.5 84,200 3,855 108,700 5,165
1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,125 100 7.9 6.8 5.5 9.5 15.7 12.8 19.4 11.3 10.9 82,810 3,787 107,800 5,494
1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,998 100 8.7 6.9 6.0 9.4 16.4 13.0 18.4 10.9 10.4 80,890 4,769 105,700 6,236
199512 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,777 100 8.2 7.8 7.0 8.1 17.0 14.8 18.6 8.8 9.7 77,920 3,216 106,000 7,032
199413 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,040 100 8.4 6.9 7.1 9.8 15.4 13.4 19.8 8.9 10.4 79,510 4,956 103,200 6,051
199314 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,233 100 9.9 7.8 6.8 10.7 13.9 11.2 20.0 10.6 9.1 76,960 6,226 100,800 6,679
199215 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,262 100 7.9 7.6 6.9 10.0 15.6 15.5 18.1 9.6 8.8 77,740 3,691 96,350 4,357
1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,094 100 8.2 6.6 6.0 11.2 17.0 12.4 19.8 9.0 9.9 76,860 4,080 97,590 4,732
1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,958 100 7.0 6.5 6.8 8.8 14.7 16.0 19.7 10.5 10.1 84,030 4,095 101,400 4,724
1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,988 100 5.7 7.5 5.9 9.7 16.6 14.5 20.3 10.0 9.8 82,740 3,679 102,900 4,923
1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,913 100 7.2 6.9 8.3 9.0 17.7 13.4 18.3 10.3 9.0 77,190 5,218 96,510 4,742
198716 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N 100 8.4 7.9 8.4 9.6 13.3 14.9 18.0 10.8 8.8 79,950 4,889 N N
Footnotes available at end of table.
U.S. Census Bureau
Extracted source page 31
Table A-2.
U.S. Census Bureau
Households by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967 to 2024—Con.
(Income in 2024 dollars, adjusted using the C-CPI-U (2000–2024) and R-CPI-U-RS (pre-2000). Households as of March of the following year. Information on confidenti-
ality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>)
Median income Mean income
Race and Hispanic Percent distribution
(dollars) (dollars)
origin of
householder Number $15,000 $25,000 $35,000 $50,000 $75,000 $100,000 $150,000
and year¹ (thou- Under to to to to to to to $200,000 Margin of Margin of
sands) Total $15,000 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999 $99,999 $149,999 $199,999 and over Estimate error² (±) Estimate error² (±)
AMERICAN INDIAN
AND ALASKA
NATIVE ALONE OR
IN COMBINATION
2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,618 100 12.7 9.0 7.1 11.7 18.5 12.2 13.9 7.1 7.8 62,760 3,578 88,750 7,270
2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,597 100 10.2 8.8 9.4 9.8 20.6 11.5 14.5 6.6 8.7 62,640 3,141 93,140 7,892
2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,464 100 10.7 9.5 8.3 13.1 17.4 13.9 15.4 5.5 6.2 61,890 4,196 81,430 4,556
2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,475 100 14.1 8.9 8.7 12.2 17.3 10.4 14.4 6.4 7.5 58,880 1,616 84,010 5,585
2020³ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,333 100 9.2 10.8 8.7 11.8 16.2 15.1 13.7 7.0 7.7 64,930 4,368 89,010 5,682
2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,350 100 10.5 9.1 8.2 14.0 15.5 11.9 16.3 6.6 7.9 61,810 2,449 84,310 4,722
2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,481 100 12.4 11.2 8.6 12.3 17.5 12.6 12.8 7.0 5.6 58,130 4,326 78,480 4,161
2017⁴ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,514 100 12.6 9.5 10.5 13.5 16.5 11.7 13.4 5.0 7.3 55,930 5,377 80,030 4,434
2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,510 100 12.2 11.2 8.5 12.8 16.6 12.4 14.1 5.8 6.3 56,470 4,930 79,280 4,187
2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,443 100 12.8 9.8 9.8 13.2 17.9 11.2 12.4 5.8 7.1 54,320 3,269 82,450 5,597
2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,436 100 14.0 10.5 9.4 13.0 16.4 12.3 12.6 6.7 5.1 55,090 4,559 76,160 4,596
2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,247 100 13.1 11.5 11.2 11.2 17.5 12.0 11.9 6.5 5.0 53,890 2,963 73,400 3,181
2013⁵ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,041 100 15.1 13.0 9.1 12.0 12.3 13.8 12.4 5.8 6.4 51,920 7,310 81,020 13,240
2013⁶ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,119 100 13.3 12.0 10.3 15.2 17.4 12.2 11.1 4.7 3.7 48,890 3,178 66,330 4,276
2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,233 100 15.1 11.8 11.7 12.8 18.3 10.3 11.3 4.9 3.8 48,440 2,359 66,220 3,407
2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,162 100 13.0 11.3 11.3 15.1 17.7 11.2 11.4 4.3 4.9 49,440 3,131 69,100 3,399
2010⁷ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,040 100 14.4 12.2 9.8 12.7 16.6 11.0 12.5 7.0 3.7 51,600 5,097 69,330 3,800
2009⁸ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,820 100 13.3 10.5 9.9 14.4 16.8 12.3 12.4 6.1 4.4 52,250 2,996 74,060 3,745
2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,932 100 12.4 8.7 10.6 14.5 16.7 12.8 14.0 5.7 4.7 55,600 3,317 75,610 4,467
2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,919 100 13.3 10.5 8.6 12.9 18.2 11.5 14.6 5.7 4.6 55,620 2,850 74,230 3,504
Income in the United States: 2024 25
2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,848 100 12.4 10.4 10.2 13.5 18.9 10.5 12.7 6.2 5.3 54,150 2,819 74,610 3,697
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,873 100 14.0 9.7 9.3 13.6 15.2 13.8 13.4 6.1 5.0 55,550 3,063 75,270 3,333
2004⁹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,894 100 10.8 10.1 10.3 13.0 17.3 12.5 15.0 5.2 5.9 56,740 3,451 80,570 5,543
2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,752 100 10.7 11.6 9.8 12.0 16.4 12.3 15.1 6.8 5.3 58,370 N 78,010 N
2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,651 100 11.6 11.0 8.6 13.6 20.7 11.9 12.4 5.5 4.6 56,190 N 75,630 N
AMERICAN INDIAN
AND ALASKA
NATIVE ALONE
2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,505 100 13.3 10.0 8.2 12.4 17.6 11.6 13.3 6.3 7.2 59,050 5,824 87,820 12,150
2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,414 100 11.5 7.6 9.9 11.3 20.5 11.3 14.5 6.7 6.7 58,760 3,982 84,800 7,691
2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,371 100 11.4 9.3 9.9 15.0 16.4 12.5 13.7 5.4 6.2 56,290 5,300 80,190 6,438
2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,430 100 13.3 10.1 8.3 12.4 17.8 11.2 12.5 7.0 7.4 58,670 2,907 83,930 8,871
2020³ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,377 100 9.9 12.8 8.5 12.9 17.3 13.7 11.5 5.6 7.8 58,620 5,391 83,390 6,986
Footnotes available at end of table.
Extracted source page 32
Table A-2.
26 Income in the United States: 2024
Households by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967 to 2024—Con.
(Income in 2024 dollars, adjusted using the C-CPI-U (2000–2024) and R-CPI-U-RS (pre-2000). Households as of March of the following year. Information on confidenti-
ality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>)
Median income Mean income
Race and Hispanic Percent distribution
(dollars) (dollars)
origin of
householder Number $15,000 $25,000 $35,000 $50,000 $75,000 $100,000 $150,000
and year¹ (thou- Under to to to to to to to $200,000 Margin of Margin of
sands) Total $15,000 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999 $99,999 $149,999 $199,999 and over Estimate error² (±) Estimate error² (±)
2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,329 100 12.5 8.5 8.1 14.0 16.7 11.4 16.7 5.2 6.8 59,850 4,689 80,030 5,549
2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,331 100 13.3 11.9 8.4 13.2 18.4 11.1 12.5 6.3 4.7 53,840 5,757 75,750 5,630
2017⁴ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,327 100 15.4 9.3 11.4 14.9 15.5 11.0 10.6 5.0 6.9 48,190 6,095 75,850 6,594
2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,326 100 15.0 12.3 7.9 13.4 15.6 11.7 11.6 6.4 6.0 51,720 5,264 77,630 6,925
2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,314 100 13.8 10.8 9.1 13.1 19.0 9.8 12.9 5.2 6.4 53,210 3,005 80,860 8,761
2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,417 100 15.5 9.4 10.2 13.8 15.7 12.9 11.3 5.8 5.2 51,430 5,427 72,110 4,589
2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,264 100 13.9 10.3 11.5 12.1 16.2 12.9 12.5 6.2 4.4 53,420 3,631 72,630 4,097
2013⁵ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,045 100 16.4 14.4 10.1 13.8 10.6 13.8 11.8 5.3 3.8 44,850 8,485 64,540 7,650
2013⁶ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,108 100 13.9 14.1 10.2 15.9 19.0 11.1 9.6 3.2 3.0 46,430 3,565 60,510 4,452
2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,196 100 19.0 11.2 11.1 12.7 18.8 10.2 9.8 3.9 3.3 45,430 3,994 62,440 5,353
2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,108 100 15.1 12.4 12.9 14.2 17.2 10.5 9.6 3.9 4.3 43,940 4,067 63,250 4,779
2010⁷ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,036 100 16.5 13.9 9.3 14.2 13.6 11.7 12.0 5.6 3.2 44,450 5,225 63,190 5,290
2009⁸ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907 100 15.2 11.9 9.6 15.2 15.0 13.1 12.3 4.6 3.2 48,550 2,615 67,490 4,980
2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 977 100 14.0 9.6 12.3 15.6 14.7 11.8 14.3 4.1 3.5 49,440 3,940 70,380 7,404
2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 943 100 16.2 9.2 9.4 14.3 20.0 11.2 12.4 3.9 3.4 51,810 4,057 66,460 4,935
2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 888 100 15.3 11.5 10.6 14.5 20.0 9.4 10.2 4.0 4.5 48,060 3,253 66,400 5,257
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817 100 16.0 10.9 9.1 12.6 16.0 13.4 11.7 6.2 4.1 52,020 4,911 70,040 4,770
2004⁹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 824 100 14.0 10.6 12.2 13.4 17.6 9.9 13.2 4.5 4.7 50,000 3,530 70,210 6,462
2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 754 100 15.0 11.1 11.1 10.1 16.2 10.2 12.7 7.4 6.1 52,180 N 75,080 N
2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764 100 12.7 10.4 8.1 14.6 22.1 10.7 13.2 5.4 2.9 54,050 N 67,520 N
AMERICAN INDIAN
AND ALASKA
NATIVE
2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,229 100 12.6 9.6 9.8 15.1 17.6 12.3 12.4 6.1 4.6 53,650 N 73,730 N
200010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,041 100 13.6 10.6 10.8 11.6 18.4 13.0 13.6 5.4 3.0 53,560 N 70,910 N
199911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 961 100 15.3 11.6 10.2 10.9 16.8 14.9 11.4 5.3 3.6 53,390 N 68,670 N
1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775 100 11.8 10.8 7.4 13.8 19.5 15.0 12.3 6.0 3.4 56,920 N 70,540 N
1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 823 100 11.7 14.1 9.6 12.6 19.4 11.1 13.3 4.8 3.4 51,760 N 67,830 N
1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851 100 17.2 14.0 8.8 17.6 12.5 8.5 15.3 3.3 2.9 44,350 N 66,460 N
199512 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763 100 15.6 13.5 13.0 15.8 15.2 10.2 11.9 4.0 0.8 41,550 N 56,790 N
199413 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547 100 15.1 9.8 10.7 12.8 18.9 14.4 11.6 4.8 1.8 51,590 N 64,090 N
199314 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614 100 15.0 10.4 13.2 12.9 20.8 12.3 7.9 5.8 1.8 48,750 N 59,830 N
199215 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 752 100 16.2 11.0 11.0 15.5 18.2 10.4 13.0 2.4 2.3 46,570 N 58,810 N
1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608 100 13.9 11.1 10.5 13.9 19.5 12.2 14.8 2.6 1.5 50,640 N 61,220 N
1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530 100 14.8 12.5 10.5 11.9 21.4 13.5 7.9 5.6 1.9 50,230 N 61,670 N
U.S. Census Bureau
1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 100 17.2 16.4 11.3 13.6 17.1 10.8 9.6 3.0 1.1 39,740 N 54,020 N
1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469 100 13.6 17.7 11.8 18.5 12.3 13.2 9.1 3.6 0.2 39,470 N 53,000 N
198716 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469 100 18.4 13.8 11.7 14.2 16.6 12.2 8.9 2.7 1.6 42,480 N 54,280 N
Footnotes available at end of table.
Extracted source page 33
Table A-2.
U.S. Census Bureau
Households by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967 to 2024—Con.
(Income in 2024 dollars, adjusted using the C-CPI-U (2000–2024) and R-CPI-U-RS (pre-2000). Households as of March of the following year. Information on confidenti-
ality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>)
Median income Mean income
Race and Hispanic Percent distribution
(dollars) (dollars)
origin of
householder Number $15,000 $25,000 $35,000 $50,000 $75,000 $100,000 $150,000
and year¹ (thou- Under to to to to to to to $200,000 Margin of Margin of
sands) Total $15,000 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999 $99,999 $149,999 $199,999 and over Estimate error² (±) Estimate error² (±)
TWO OR MORE
RACES
2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,823 100 9.4 6.6 5.2 11.4 15.8 11.1 16.8 8.5 15.2 79,800 7,502 113,800 7,400
2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,778 100 8.9 8.7 6.8 9.7 18.6 12.1 14.6 7.9 12.7 70,640 4,390 110,300 8,928
2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,482 100 8.4 7.8 6.3 10.8 18.1 14.9 15.0 7.5 11.3 74,060 4,343 104,300 7,626
2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,330 100 10.6 5.6 8.4 10.3 16.3 10.6 17.0 10.3 11.0 73,460 5,762 103,900 6,055
2020³ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,242 100 8.5 7.0 6.8 9.6 13.1 14.6 18.3 8.3 13.8 83,400 3,865 121,600 9,189
2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,269 100 6.8 7.7 8.8 11.5 15.2 13.2 14.0 9.7 13.1 74,610 3,949 107,000 6,704
2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,207 100 9.1 9.2 9.0 10.9 16.0 13.5 14.6 8.0 9.7 68,340 4,396 96,490 6,746
2017⁴ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,086 100 8.8 8.1 9.7 11.3 17.7 12.8 15.2 6.3 10.1 66,880 4,823 94,390 5,397
2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,094 100 8.5 7.6 9.0 12.6 16.7 12.9 16.8 6.8 9.2 67,680 5,642 94,440 5,368
2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,015 100 8.6 8.7 9.4 11.2 18.0 13.3 13.6 7.9 9.2 65,680 3,115 93,650 5,929
2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,870 100 12.2 9.7 8.4 10.6 17.3 12.1 13.6 8.4 7.7 63,900 3,695 91,180 7,883
2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,793 100 11.2 9.7 10.6 10.9 17.0 11.9 14.2 7.1 7.5 59,990 3,271 86,810 5,743
2013⁵ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,843 100 9.1 8.9 8.8 12.4 17.6 11.0 15.5 6.2 10.4 63,240 7,405 107,800 20,240
2013⁶ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,860 100 12.0 8.8 9.4 13.3 15.8 11.9 14.8 6.7 7.2 59,980 3,401 83,970 5,779
2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,776 100 11.3 10.3 10.6 11.3 17.6 11.1 13.6 7.4 6.8 58,540 3,035 82,170 5,387
2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,764 100 11.1 9.5 9.4 14.1 16.5 11.3 14.5 6.2 7.5 58,950 5,341 83,190 4,785
2010⁷ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,810 100 11.9 9.7 9.3 12.0 18.6 10.5 13.9 7.9 6.3 58,070 2,588 82,680 5,166
2009⁸ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,484 100 11.7 8.3 9.3 13.2 17.8 11.5 13.5 6.8 7.9 59,310 2,663 85,120 4,335
2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,465 100 10.4 7.9 8.2 13.2 17.5 12.9 14.8 7.9 7.1 62,770 4,438 87,090 5,449
2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,457 100 10.5 10.3 7.5 11.5 16.8 11.7 15.9 7.4 8.3 62,280 5,005 85,720 3,923
2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,393 100 8.8 8.5 8.3 11.9 18.3 12.5 15.7 9.0 7.2 66,400 4,749 88,600 5,542
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,506 100 10.5 8.2 9.5 13.3 15.2 13.5 15.2 7.3 7.3 63,880 4,063 87,650 5,617
Income in the United States: 2024 27
2004⁹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,517 100 8.8 9.0 8.3 11.7 18.0 14.4 16.3 6.6 6.8 65,760 2,684 89,230 6,478
2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,407 100 7.1 10.9 9.1 13.1 16.2 13.9 16.9 7.0 5.9 66,000 N 84,080 N
2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,243 100 10.2 10.6 8.3 12.5 19.1 13.5 13.1 6.5 6.5 60,450 N 86,810 N
HISPANIC
(ANY RACE)
2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,100 100 8.4 6.7 8.0 11.7 17.9 13.0 15.9 8.3 10.2 70,950 1,001 99,340 2,253
2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,860 100 8.4 7.4 8.2 12.2 18.7 12.5 15.7 8.1 8.7 67,240 1,292 93,750 2,087
2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,320 100 9.4 7.4 8.6 11.8 18.3 13.4 16.0 7.1 7.9 66,950 1,701 90,830 1,917
2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,230 100 9.7 7.2 8.7 12.1 18.2 12.2 15.7 7.4 9.0 66,570 1,820 92,860 1,897
2020³ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,340 100 8.6 8.1 7.9 13.5 17.5 13.6 15.6 7.0 8.3 66,480 1,390 90,300 1,687
2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,670 100 8.4 7.2 8.2 13.0 18.0 13.3 15.9 7.5 8.5 68,010 1,421 90,970 1,964
2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,760 100 9.2 8.8 8.8 13.6 17.9 13.5 14.4 6.6 7.1 63,280 904 87,260 1,991
2017⁴ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,340 100 9.4 8.0 9.9 12.8 17.8 13.5 14.8 6.9 6.9 62,940 951 84,900 1,897
2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,320 100 9.2 8.0 9.8 12.9 17.3 13.0 15.9 7.0 6.9 63,340 904 85,720 1,783
2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,920 100 9.2 8.9 9.5 13.1 18.2 13.2 14.8 6.8 6.3 60,870 1,420 85,300 1,697
2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,670 100 10.1 9.2 11.0 13.7 17.7 12.7 13.4 6.1 6.1 58,150 1,303 81,930 1,773
Footnotes available at end of table.
Extracted source page 34
Table A-2.
28 Income in the United States: 2024
Households by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967 to 2024—Con.
(Income in 2024 dollars, adjusted using the C-CPI-U (2000–2024) and R-CPI-U-RS (pre-2000). Households as of March of the following year. Information on confidenti-
ality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>)
Median income Mean income
Race and Hispanic Percent distribution
(dollars) (dollars)
origin of
householder Number $15,000 $25,000 $35,000 $50,000 $75,000 $100,000 $150,000
and year¹ (thou- Under to to to to to to to $200,000 Margin of Margin of
sands) Total $15,000 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999 $99,999 $149,999 $199,999 and over Estimate error² (±) Estimate error² (±)
2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,240 100 10.6 10.0 11.5 13.7 18.4 12.3 13.7 5.3 4.5 54,690 1,093 74,050 1,389
20135 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,090 100 10.9 11.7 10.9 15.5 16.3 11.5 12.7 4.9 5.6 51,810 2,551 75,210 3,655
20136 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,810 100 11.1 10.9 10.9 14.7 18.1 12.0 13.0 5.3 4.1 53,470 1,185 71,330 1,583
2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,590 100 11.9 10.6 11.7 14.6 18.0 11.8 12.4 4.7 4.3 51,530 1,161 70,580 1,517
2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,940 100 11.8 10.3 11.0 15.5 18.8 11.4 12.2 4.6 4.3 52,020 1,212 70,500 1,316
20107 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,440 100 11.8 10.9 11.0 14.6 17.6 12.0 12.7 5.1 4.2 52,250 1,329 71,360 1,508
20098 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,300 100 10.5 10.2 10.9 15.6 17.8 12.3 12.6 5.5 4.4 53,540 1,162 73,520 1,327
2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,430 100 10.6 10.1 10.7 16.1 18.2 11.8 13.0 5.0 4.6 53,150 1,121 72,300 1,231
2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,340 100 9.9 9.8 10.4 14.7 19.2 12.5 14.3 4.9 4.2 56,210 1,243 73,870 1,279
2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,970 100 10.0 9.4 10.5 14.3 20.8 11.8 13.2 5.4 4.6 56,320 1,238 75,390 1,422
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,520 100 9.7 10.4 10.7 15.3 18.7 13.3 12.6 4.9 4.3 55,170 901 72,300 1,196
2004⁹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,180 100 10.1 10.4 10.8 15.5 18.8 13.1 12.4 5.0 4.1 54,090 1,246 72,410 1,457
2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,690 100 9.8 10.5 11.0 15.5 19.5 11.8 13.0 4.9 4.0 53,380 1,222 71,940 1,309
2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,340 100 9.9 10.1 10.7 15.5 18.6 13.0 13.1 4.9 4.1 54,670 1,309 74,130 1,630
2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,500 100 9.1 9.8 11.4 13.6 20.3 12.3 14.1 5.1 4.2 56,120 1,172 74,210 1,543
200010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,030 100 9.0 9.8 11.1 14.0 19.9 13.3 14.4 4.5 4.0 56,710 1,344 75,190 1,780
199911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,579 100 9.6 10.6 10.9 15.2 19.5 12.4 13.5 4.7 3.7 54,380 1,301 71,440 2,086
1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,060 100 12.1 11.2 10.8 15.1 19.0 12.3 12.0 4.3 3.3 51,150 1,622 69,110 2,417
1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,590 100 13.2 12.0 11.0 15.2 18.4 12.2 11.0 3.7 3.2 48,730 1,430 65,670 2,180
1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,225 100 13.3 12.4 12.4 15.3 18.1 11.4 10.9 3.4 2.8 46,560 1,485 63,560 2,420
199512 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,939 100 14.5 13.7 12.2 15.8 17.5 10.6 10.2 3.3 2.2 43,860 1,572 59,860 2,209
199413 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,735 100 14.1 13.5 11.5 15.3 18.0 10.8 10.6 3.6 2.6 46,000 1,405 62,030 2,546
199314 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,362 100 13.2 13.8 11.8 15.0 19.8 10.0 10.9 3.1 2.3 45,930 1,519 60,790 2,103
199215 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,153 100 13.5 13.2 12.1 14.6 19.2 11.4 10.8 3.2 2.1 46,470 1,580 59,280 1,533
1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,379 100 12.8 12.7 11.9 14.5 19.2 12.1 10.9 3.3 2.5 47,850 1,637 60,890 1,603
1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,220 100 12.5 13.0 11.5 14.1 19.9 12.8 10.6 3.4 2.3 48,800 1,647 61,130 1,657
1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,933 100 12.9 11.1 10.7 15.2 18.4 12.7 12.7 3.7 2.6 50,240 1,602 64,150 1,813
1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,910 100 13.9 11.3 11.6 14.6 18.8 12.5 11.2 3.5 2.4 48,710 2,031 62,180 2,168
198716 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,642 100 14.1 12.6 11.6 14.5 18.5 11.8 11.3 3.1 2.5 47,970 1,714 61,490 1,873
1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,418 100 13.6 12.5 12.1 14.3 18.9 12.0 11.1 3.7 1.7 47,070 2,017 59,430 1,607
198517 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,213 100 13.7 13.7 12.5 14.3 19.2 11.6 10.6 3.0 1.3 45,530 1,750 56,890 1,522
198418 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,883 100 14.5 13.1 11.1 15.3 19.1 11.9 10.8 2.7 1.5 45,800 1,889 56,950 1,827
1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,326 100 14.4 14.4 11.2 16.0 19.6 11.0 9.9 2.5 1.0 44,670 1,862 54,400 1,719
1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,085 100 14.0 15.1 10.9 16.0 19.5 11.4 10.0 1.8 1.4 44,410 1,930 54,810 1,829
1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,980 100 11.7 13.6 11.9 15.6 20.8 12.5 10.2 2.5 1.1 47,480 2,139 57,020 1,792
U.S. Census Bureau
1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,906 100 12.9 12.5 12.3 16.2 19.8 12.4 10.5 2.2 1.3 46,410 2,069 56,690 1,857
Footnotes provided at end of table.
Extracted source page 35
Table A-2.
U.S. Census Bureau
Households by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967 to 2024—Con.
(Income in 2024 dollars, adjusted using the C-CPI-U (2000–2024) and R-CPI-U-RS (pre-2000). Households as of March of the following year. Information on confidenti-
ality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>)
Median income Mean income
Race and Hispanic Percent distribution
(dollars) (dollars)
origin of
householder Number $15,000 $25,000 $35,000 $50,000 $75,000 $100,000 $150,000
and year¹ (thou- Under to to to to to to to $200,000 Margin of Margin of
sands) Total $15,000 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999 $99,999 $149,999 $199,999 and over Estimate error² (±) Estimate error² (±)
197919 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,684 100 10.8 12.1 11.0 17.2 20.5 13.3 10.7 2.9 1.4 49,230 2,335 59,570 1,968
1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,291 100 11.0 12.4 11.7 17.2 20.3 13.9 10.2 2.2 1.0 48,780 1,944 57,620 1,917
1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,304 100 10.9 13.1 12.2 18.1 21.1 13.0 8.7 2.1 0.9 47,010 1,358 55,480 1,409
197620 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,081 100 12.6 13.9 12.6 17.0 20.0 13.2 8.1 2.0 0.6 44,980 1,577 53,160 1,423
197521 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,948 100 12.7 13.6 13.7 17.1 20.8 12.5 7.4 1.4 0.8 44,050 1,602 52,290 1,528
197421, 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,897 100 9.9 13.0 13.9 15.5 23.2 13.4 8.5 1.8 0.9 47,940 1,727 55,530 1,488
1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,722 100 9.5 12.6 11.6 18.8 22.1 14.2 8.8 1.8 0.6 48,150 1,799 55,940 1,498
197223 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,655 100 9.7 12.7 13.3 17.6 24.1 12.4 7.7 1.7 0.9 48,160 1,548 55,360 1,548
N Not available. ⁸ Beginning with 2009 income data, the Census Bureau expanded the upper income
¹ Since 2003, federal surveys have allowed respondents to report more than one race. intervals used to calculate medians to $250,000 or more. Medians falling in the upper open-
Therefore, two basic ways of defining a race group are possible. A group, such as Asian, may be ended interval are plugged with “$250,000.” Before 2009, the upper open-ended interval was
defined as those who reported Asian and no other race (the race-alone or single-race concept) $100,000 and a plug of “$100,000” was used.
or as those who reported Asian regardless of whether they also reported another race (the race- ⁹ Data have been revised to reflect a correction to the weights in the 2005 CPS ASEC.
alone-or-in-combination concept). This table shows data using both approaches. Since Hispanic 10
Implementation of a 28,000-household sample expansion.
individuals may be any race, data for the Hispanic population overlap with data for race groups. 11
Implementation of 2000 Census-based population controls.
Of those who reported only one race in the 2025 CPS ASEC, Hispanic origin was reported by 12
Full implementation of 1990 Census-based sample design and metropolitan definitions,
17.9 percent of White householders, 6.4 percent of Black householders, 2.5 percent of Asian 7,000-household sample reduction, and revised editing of responses on race.
householders, and 35.9 percent of American Indian and Alaska Native householders. Data users 13
Introduction of 1990 Census-based sample design.
should be aware that the different race and Hispanic origin populations consist of many distinct 14
Data collection method changed from paper and pencil to computer-assisted interviewing.
groups that differ in socioeconomic characteristics, culture, and nativity, which may affect the In addition, the 1994 CPS ASEC was revised to allow for the coding of different income
interpretation of aggregate results. Data on Hispanic origin were first collected in 1972. Data amounts on selected questionnaire items. Limits either increased or decreased in the following
on Asian and Pacific Islander origin and American Indian and Alaska Native origin were first categories: earnings limits increased to $999,999; Social Security limits increased to $49,999;
collected in 1987. Estimates for Native Hawaiians or Pacific Islanders are not shown separately Supplemental Security Income and public assistance limits increased to $24,999; veterans’
due to sample size. benefits limits increased to $99,999; child support and alimony limits decreased to $49,999.
² A margin of error (MOE) is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the MOE in 15
Implementation of 1990 Census-based population controls.
relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. This number, when added to 16
Implementation of a new CPS ASEC processing system.
and subtracted from the estimate, forms the 90 percent confidence interval. MOEs shown in Recording of amounts for earnings from longest job increased to $299,999. Full
Income in the United States: 2024 29
17
this table are based on standard errors calculated using replicate weights beginning with 2010. implementation of 1980 Census-based sample design.
Before 2010, standard errors were calculated using the generalized variance function. 18
Implementation of Hispanic population weighting controls and introduction of 1980
³ Implementation of 2020 Census-based population controls. Census-based sample design.
⁴ Estimates reflect the implementation of an updated processing system and should be used 19
Implementation of 1980 Census-based population controls. Questionnaire expanded to
to make comparisons to 2018 and subsequent years. show 27 possible values from 51 possible sources of income.
⁵ The 2014 CPS ASEC included redesigned questions for income and health insurance 20
First year medians were derived using both Pareto and linear interpolation. Before this
coverage. All of the approximately 98,000 addresses were eligible to receive the redesigned set year, all medians were derived using linear interpolation.
of health insurance coverage questions. The redesigned income questions were implemented to 21
Some of these estimates were derived using Pareto interpolation and may differ from
a subsample of these 98,000 addresses using a probability split panel design. Approximately published data, which were derived using linear interpolation.
68,000 addresses were eligible to receive a set of income questions similar to those used in the 22
Implementation of a new CPS ASEC processing system. Questionnaire expanded to ask 11
2013 CPS ASEC and the remaining 30,000 addresses were eligible to receive the redesigned income questions.
income questions. The source of these 2013 estimates is the portion of the CPS ASEC sample 23
Full implementation of 1970 Census-based sample design.
that received the redesigned income questions, approximately 30,000 addresses. 24
Introduction of 1970 Census-based sample design and population controls.
⁶ The source of these 2013 estimates is the portion of the CPS ASEC sample that received 25
Implementation of a new CPS ASEC processing system.
the income questions consistent with the 2013 CPS ASEC, approximately 68,000 addresses. Note: Median income estimates are calculated using linear interpolation and $2,500 intervals.
⁷ Implementation of 2010 Census-based population controls. Beginning with 2010, standard Inflation-adjusted estimates may differ slightly from other published data due to rounding.
errors in this table were calculated using replicate weights. Before 2010, standard errors were Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2025 Annual Social
calculated using the generalized variance function. and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC; DMS number P-7534374, DRB approval number
CBDRB-FY25-0384).
Extracted source page 36
Table A-3.
Income Distribution Measures Using Money Income and Equivalence-Adjusted Income:
2023 and 2024
(Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at
<https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>)
Percent change
2023 2024
(2024 less 2023)*, 2
Measure
Margin of Margin of Margin of
Estimate error¹ (±) Estimate error¹ (±) Estimate error¹ (±)
MONEY INCOME
Share of Aggregate Income by Percentile
Lowest quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 0.06 3.1 0.06 –1.0 2.45
Second quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 0.09 8.2 0.09 *–1.8 1.40
Third quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.1 0.12 13.9 0.12 –1.1 1.16
Fourth quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.6 0.15 22.6 0.18 Z 0.98
Highest quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.9 0.33 52.2 0.37 0.6 0.92
Top 5 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.0 0.39 23.1 0.43 0.7 2.58
Household Income at Selected Percentiles
10th percentile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,470 395 19,900 441 2.2 2.87
50th percentile (median) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,690 651 83,730 1,050 1.3 1.41
90th percentile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241,000 2,539 251,000 2,731 *4.2 1.42
Summary Measures
Gini index of income inequality . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.485 0.0034 0.488 0.0037 0.8 1.00
90th/10th percentile income ratio . . . . . . . . . . 12.38 0.257 12.61 0.304 1.9 3.17
90th/50th percentile income ratio . . . . . . . . . 2.91 0.030 3.00 0.038 *2.9 1.61
50th/10th percentile income ratio . . . . . . . . . . 4.25 0.079 4.21 0.089 –0.9 2.69
EQUIVALENCE-ADJUSTED INCOME
Share of Aggregate Income by Percentile
Lowest quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 0.06 3.5 0.06 0.2 2.42
Second quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 0.09 9.0 0.10 –0.8 1.42
Third quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.6 0.12 14.6 0.12 –0.4 1.12
Fourth quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.4 0.15 22.4 0.16 0.3 0.98
Highest quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.4 0.33 50.5 0.36 0.1 0.98
Top 5 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.4 0.39 22.3 0.43 –0.3 2.56
Household Income at Selected Percentiles
10th percentile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,290 506 30,280 418 *3.4 2.16
50th percentile (median) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109,700 1,250 112,700 1,121 *2.8 1.47
90th percentile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299,400 3,740 310,800 4,009 *3.8 1.75
Summary Measures
Gini index of income inequality . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.465 0.0034 0.465 0.0037 0.1 1.09
90th/10th percentile income ratio . . . . . . . . . . 10.22 0.206 10.26 0.185 0.4 2.60
90th/50th percentile income ratio . . . . . . . . . 2.73 0.036 2.76 0.036 1.0 1.82
50th/10th percentile income ratio . . . . . . . . . . 3.74 0.068 3.72 0.054 –0.6 2.20
* An asterisk preceding an estimate indicates change is statistically different from zero at the 90 percent confidence level.
Z Rounds to zero.
¹ A margin of error (MOE) is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the MOE in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable
the estimate. This number, when added to and subtracted from the estimate, forms the 90 percent confidence interval. MOEs shown in this
table are based on standard errors calculated using replicate weights.
² Calculated estimate may be different due to rounded components.
Note: Median income estimates are calculated using linear interpolation and $2,500 intervals.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2024 and 2025 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC; DMS
number P-7534374, DRB approval number CBDRB-FY25-0384).
30 Income in the United States: 2024 U.S. Census Bureau
Extracted source page 37
Table A-4a.
Selected Measures of Household Income Dispersion: 1967 to 2024—Con.
(Income in 2024 dollars, adjusted using the C-CPI-U (2000-2024) and R-CPI-U-RS (pre-2000). Further explanation of income
inequality measures is available at “The Changing Shape of the Nation’s Income Distribution: 1947–1998,” Current Population
Reports, Series P60-204. Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is
available at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>)
Measures of income dispersion
Household income ratios at
Household income at selected percentiles
selected percentiles
Year
50th
10th 20th 30th 40th percentile 60th 70th 80th 90th 95th
percentile percentile percentile percentile (median) percentile percentile percentile percentile percentile 90th/10th 90th/50th 50th/10th
2024 . . . . . . 19,900 34,510 49,520 65,100 83,730 105,500 135,000 175,700 251,000 335,700 12.61 3.00 4.21
2023 . . . . . . 19,470 33,850 49,150 63,810 82,690 103,600 130,500 169,500 241,000 324,200 12.38 2.91 4.25
2022 . . . . . . 18,230 31,980 46,830 61,850 79,500 100,200 126,600 163,100 230,200 314,500 12.63 2.90 4.36
2021 . . . . . . 17,980 32,160 46,530 63,150 81,270 103,000 130,000 171,200 243,400 328,700 13.53 2.99 4.52
2020¹ . . . . . 18,780 32,710 47,860 63,080 81,580 102,600 130,100 170,300 242,300 329,800 12.90 2.97 4.34
2019 . . . . . . 19,420 34,040 48,960 64,840 83,260 104,800 133,000 172,700 243,800 327,200 12.55 2.93 4.29
2018 . . . . . . 17,990 31,490 45,510 61,500 77,700 97,830 123,200 159,900 226,700 305,900 12.60 2.92 4.32
2017² . . . . . 17,950 31,150 43,990 59,240 76,710 96,810 123,000 158,800 228,000 306,300 12.71 2.97 4.27
2017 . . . . . . 17,840 30,910 43,930 59,110 77,000 97,300 122,700 159,200 224,700 297,400 12.59 2.92 4.32
2016 . . . . . . 17,370 30,640 44,320 58,220 75,380 95,590 120,200 154,500 217,700 287,600 12.53 2.89 4.34
2015 . . . . . . 17,080 29,370 41,550 56,040 72,790 92,740 116,800 150,700 208,900 276,200 12.23 2.87 4.26
2014 . . . . . . 15,800 27,580 39,530 53,010 69,060 87,790 111,400 144,500 202,700 265,900 12.83 2.93 4.37
2013³ . . . . . 15,920 27,410 39,760 53,570 69,950 87,720 111,000 143,900 202,900 267,800 12.74 2.90 4.39
2013⁴ . . . . . 16,190 27,280 39,240 52,460 67,800 85,500 107,000 138,300 195,800 255,900 12.10 2.89 4.19
2012 . . . . . . 16,170 27,220 39,370 52,540 67,400 85,330 106,500 137,500 192,900 252,600 11.93 2.86 4.17
2011 . . . . . . 16,160 27,290 39,420 51,880 67,410 84,080 106,400 136,800 193,400 250,500 11.97 2.87 4.17
2010⁵ . . . . . 16,470 27,770 39,480 52,760 68,420 85,390 108,300 138,900 192,700 250,600 11.70 2.82 4.15
2009⁶ . . . . . 17,060 28,790 41,040 54,260 70,070 86,990 109,200 140,800 193,700 253,400 11.36 2.76 4.11
2008 . . . . . . 17,050 29,040 41,580 54,680 70,520 87,940 110,600 140,500 193,900 252,300 11.37 2.75 4.14
2007 . . . . . . 17,680 29,490 43,020 56,830 73,010 90,110 113,400 145,300 197,700 257,200 11.18 2.71 4.13
2006 . . . . . . 17,890 29,860 43,110 56,310 71,850 89,440 112,000 144,600 198,200 259,400 11.08 2.76 4.02
2005 . . . . . . 17,310 29,420 41,600 55,220 71,060 88,440 110,400 140,700 193,400 254,600 11.17 2.72 4.10
2004⁷ . . . . . 17,210 29,180 41,040 54,730 69,970 87,170 109,400 138,900 190,800 248,000 11.08 2.73 4.07
2003 . . . . . . 17,050 29,090 41,140 55,010 70,080 88,090 110,400 140,500 191,200 249,300 11.22 2.73 4.11
2002 . . . . . . 17,540 29,590 41,520 55,120 70,040 87,800 109,900 138,800 188,500 247,700 10.75 2.69 3.99
2001 . . . . . . 17,870 30,050 42,190 55,700 70,610 88,620 110,400 139,600 190,000 251,600 10.63 2.69 3.95
2000⁸ . . . . . 18,090 30,640 43,000 56,420 71,790 89,210 111,100 139,800 191,500 248,300 10.58 2.67 3.97
1999⁹ . . . . . 18,300 30,310 43,090 56,460 71,980 89,120 110,700 140,100 190,600 251,200 10.42 2.65 3.93
1998 . . . . . . 17,510 29,100 42,090 54,900 70,200 87,270 108,100 135,400 182,900 238,700 10.44 2.61 4.01
1997 . . . . . . 16,860 28,180 40,260 53,440 67,720 84,180 104,200 130,800 178,700 231,600 10.60 2.64 4.02
1996 . . . . . . 16,650 27,600 39,250 51,890 66,340 82,260 101,800 127,100 172,100 223,400 10.33 2.59 3.98
199510 . . . . . 16,650 27,630 38,640 51,640 65,380 80,580 99,510 124,900 168,300 216,800 10.11 2.57 3.93
199411 . . . . . 15,770 26,370 37,560 49,490 63,370 78,750 98,240 123,400 166,700 215,700 10.57 2.63 4.02
199312 . . . . . 15,430 26,020 37,320 49,530 62,700 77,850 96,840 121,000 164,000 210,000 10.64 2.62 4.06
199213 . . . . . 15,420 25,910 37,120 49,650 63,010 77,950 95,910 119,300 159,500 203,600 10.34 2.53 4.08
1991 . . . . . . 15,650 26,550 38,130 50,610 63,530 78,170 95,760 119,700 160,000 203,300 10.22 2.52 4.06
1990 . . . . . . 16,000 27,320 39,340 51,710 65,440 79,110 97,440 120,600 161,900 207,100 10.12 2.47 4.09
1989 . . . . . . 16,500 27,720 39,680 52,710 66,240 81,010 99,140 123,100 164,900 210,300 9.99 2.49 4.01
1988 . . . . . . 15,700 27,230 38,760 51,430 65,130 80,160 97,410 121,000 160,300 204,900 10.21 2.46 4.15
198714 . . . . . 15,470 26,790 38,540 50,860 64,650 79,390 96,880 120,000 158,300 200,800 10.23 2.45 4.18
1986 . . . . . . 15,340 26,280 38,240 50,270 63,850 78,020 95,150 117,900 154,800 197,800 10.09 2.42 4.16
198515 . . . . . 15,370 25,910 36,910 48,760 61,570 75,530 91,760 113,600 149,000 187,700 9.69 2.42 4.01
198416 . . . . . 15,360 25,610 36,390 47,930 60,420 73,840 90,210 111,500 146,700 184,600 9.55 2.43 3.93
1983 . . . . . . 14,760 25,130 35,370 46,730 58,650 71,720 87,480 108,400 141,900 178,300 9.61 2.40 4.00
1982 . . . . . . 14,810 24,580 35,190 46,750 59,020 71,430 86,890 106,500 140,500 175,800 9.48 2.38 3.99
1981 . . . . . . 15,080 24,900 35,390 46,550 59,190 71,990 87,140 106,400 139,000 171,300 9.22 2.35 3.92
1980 . . . . . . 15,300 25,420 36,200 47,680 60,210 73,090 87,860 107,000 139,100 172,200 9.09 2.31 3.94
197917 . . . . . 15,500 26,420 37,750 49,070 62,140 75,500 90,600 109,500 141,700 176,900 9.14 2.28 4.01
1978 . . . . . . 15,780 26,110 37,210 49,370 62,260 74,700 89,910 108,600 140,500 173,800 8.90 2.26 3.95
1977 . . . . . . 15,460 25,320 36,080 47,680 59,920 72,680 87,560 106,000 135,100 167,800 8.74 2.25 3.89
197618 . . . . . 15,300 25,410 36,290 47,340 59,630 72,110 85,810 103,700 133,000 164,500 8.70 2.23 3.90
197519 . . . . . 15,200 24,840 35,490 46,630 58,630 70,460 84,290 101,200 129,700 159,600 8.53 2.22 3.84
Footnotes provided at end of Table A-4b.
U.S. Census Bureau Income in the United States: 2024 31
Extracted source page 38
Table A-4a.
Selected Measures of Household Income Dispersion: 1967 to 2024—Con.
(Income in 2024 dollars, adjusted using the C-CPI-U (2000-2024) and R-CPI-U-RS (pre-2000). Further explanation of income
inequality measures is available at “The Changing Shape of the Nation’s Income Distribution: 1947–1998,” Current Population
Reports, Series P60-204. Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is
available at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>)
Measures of income dispersion
Household income ratios at
Household income at selected percentiles
selected percentiles
Year
50th
10th 20th 30th 40th percentile 60th 70th 80th 90th 95th
percentile percentile percentile percentile (median) percentile percentile percentile percentile percentile 90th/10th 90th/50th 50th/10th
197419, 20. . . 15,650 26,160 37,210 48,530 60,270 71,700 86,120 104,100 134,200 164,700 8.58 2.23 3.85
1973. . . . . . 15,520 25,990 37,670 49,980 62,150 73,960 88,680 106,500 137,500 171,100 8.86 2.20 4.02
197221. . . . . 14,800 25,410 37,010 48,930 60,830 72,320 86,030 103,500 133,000 166,600 8.99 2.19 4.11
197122. . . . . 13,930 24,640 35,660 46,960 58,530 69,110 81,730 98,550 126,400 156,500 9.08 2.16 4.21
1970. . . . . . 13,700 24,930 36,410 47,760 59,040 69,460 81,950 99,100 126,200 156,700 9.22 2.13 4.32
1969. . . . . . 14,010 25,340 36,870 48,630 59,470 70,330 82,240 98,540 125,000 154,500 8.93 2.10 4.25
1968. . . . . . 13,630 24,560 36,210 46,560 57,220 66,730 78,330 93,760 118,200 146,700 8.68 2.07 4.20
196723. . . . . 12,520 23,050 34,430 44,940 54,880 63,790 76,610 90,960 115,500 146,000 9.23 2.11 4.38
Footnotes provided at end of Table A-4b.
32 Income in the United States: 2024 U.S. Census Bureau
Extracted source page 39
Table A-4b.
Selected Measures of Household Income Dispersion: 1967 to 2024—Con.
(Income in 2024 dollars, adjusted using the C-CPI-U (2000–2024) and R-CPI-U-RS (pre-2000). Further explanation of income
inequality measures is available at “The Changing Shape of the Nation’s Income Distribution: 1947–1998,” Current Population
Reports, Series P60-204. Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is avail-
able at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>)
Measures of income dispersion
Summary measures
Mean household income of quintiles Share of household income quintiles
Year Mean Atkinson
Gini loga-
index of rithmic
Lowest Second Third Fourth Highest Top 5 Lowest Second Third Fourth Highest Top 5 income deviation
quintile quintile quintile quintile quintile percent quintile quintile quintile quintile quintile percent inequality of income Theil e=0.25 e=0.50 e=0.75
2024 . . . 18,460 49,380 84,390 136,800 316,100 560,000 3.1 8.2 13.9 22.6 52.2 23.1 0.488 0.606 0.437 0.105 0.206 0.311
2023 . . . 18,100 48,820 82,820 132,800 305,000 539,800 3.1 8.3 14.1 22.6 51.9 23.0 0.485 0.616 0.429 0.104 0.203 0.309
2022 . . . 17,190 46,740 79,660 127,800 295,700 532,900 3.0 8.2 14.0 22.5 52.1 23.5 0.488 0.637 0.440 0.106 0.207 0.315
2021 . . . 17,060 47,100 81,380 132,600 309,300 551,400 2.9 8.0 13.9 22.6 52.7 23.5 0.494 0.634 0.448 0.108 0.211 0.320
2020¹ . . 17,590 47,670 81,840 132,200 305,200 536,800 3.0 8.2 14.0 22.6 52.2 23.0 0.488 0.617 0.437 0.105 0.206 0.313
2019 . . . 18,530 49,270 83,550 134,700 308,400 546,700 3.1 8.3 14.1 22.7 51.9 23.0 0.484 0.590 0.432 0.104 0.203 0.306
2018 . . . 16,940 45,870 78,190 124,900 287,700 512,300 3.1 8.3 14.1 22.6 52.0 23.1 0.486 0.616 0.436 0.105 0.205 0.311
2017² . . 16,720 44,540 76,970 124,200 287,300 509,900 3.0 8.1 14.0 22.6 52.3 23.2 0.489 0.617 0.441 0.106 0.207 0.313
2017 . . . 16,630 44,420 77,240 124,300 278,300 483,400 3.1 8.2 14.3 23.0 51.5 22.3 0.482 0.609 0.424 0.103 0.202 0.307
2016 . . . 16,520 44,050 75,520 121,500 273,100 478,900 3.1 8.3 14.2 22.9 51.5 22.6 0.481 0.601 0.426 0.103 0.201 0.305
2015 . . . 16,050 42,030 73,200 118,500 260,700 451,900 3.1 8.2 14.3 23.2 51.1 22.1 0.479 0.596 0.420 0.101 0.199 0.303
2014 . . . 15,030 40,010 69,560 113,000 249,800 427,800 3.1 8.2 14.3 23.2 51.2 21.9 0.480 0.611 0.419 0.102 0.200 0.307
2013³ . . 15,130 40,220 70,150 112,900 252,400 436,600 3.1 8.2 14.3 23.0 51.4 22.2 0.482 0.606 0.428 0.103 0.202 0.307
2013⁴ . . 15,210 39,830 68,300 109,000 241,800 420,800 3.2 8.4 14.4 23.0 51.0 22.2 0.476 0.578 0.415 0.100 0.196 0.298
2012 . . . 15,180 39,230 67,620 108,500 240,300 420,200 3.2 8.3 14.4 23.0 51.0 22.3 0.477 0.586 0.423 0.101 0.198 0.300
2011 . . . 15,140 39,330 67,120 107,800 239,700 419,400 3.2 8.4 14.3 23.0 51.1 22.3 0.477 0.585 0.422 0.101 0.198 0.300
2010⁵ . . 15,270 39,620 68,270 109,500 235,200 398,800 3.3 8.5 14.6 23.4 50.3 21.3 0.470 0.574 0.400 0.097 0.191 0.293
2009⁶ . . 16,260 41,180 69,720 110,800 240,500 415,800 3.4 8.6 14.6 23.2 50.3 21.7 0.468 0.550 0.403 0.097 0.190 0.288
2008 . . . 16,340 41,380 70,280 111,800 239,800 413,200 3.4 8.6 14.7 23.3 50.0 21.5 0.466 0.541 0.398 0.096 0.188 0.285
2007 . . . 16,790 42,790 72,620 115,000 244,100 417,400 3.4 8.7 14.8 23.4 49.7 21.2 0.463 0.532 0.391 0.095 0.185 0.281
2006 . . . 16,920 42,900 71,880 113,800 250,700 443,300 3.4 8.6 14.5 22.9 50.5 22.3 0.470 0.543 0.417 0.099 0.192 0.289
2005 . . . 16,340 41,960 71,020 111,700 244,800 431,300 3.4 8.6 14.6 23.0 50.4 22.2 0.469 0.545 0.411 0.098 0.192 0.289
2004⁷ . . 16,170 41,370 70,090 110,500 239,000 416,500 3.4 8.7 14.7 23.2 50.1 21.8 0.466 0.543 0.406 0.097 0.190 0.286
2003 . . . 16,170 41,540 70,520 111,600 237,900 409,700 3.4 8.7 14.8 23.4 49.8 21.4 0.464 0.530 0.397 0.095 0.187 0.283
2002 . . . 16,500 41,950 70,690 111,200 237,400 414,500 3.5 8.8 14.8 23.3 49.7 21.7 0.462 0.514 0.398 0.095 0.186 0.279
2001 . . . 16,950 42,580 71,280 111,800 244,100 435,500 3.5 8.7 14.6 23.0 50.1 22.4 0.466 0.515 0.413 0.098 0.189 0.282
2000⁸ . . 17,370 43,360 72,210 112,300 243,300 431,600 3.6 8.9 14.8 23.0 49.8 22.1 0.462 0.490 0.404 0.096 0.185 0.275
1999⁹ . . 17,540 43,060 72,080 112,200 239,200 415,800 3.6 8.9 14.9 23.2 49.4 21.5 0.458 0.476 0.386 0.092 0.180 0.268
1998 . . . 16,650 42,040 70,350 108,800 230,200 401,300 3.6 9.0 15.0 23.2 49.2 21.4 0.456 0.488 0.389 0.093 0.181 0.271
1997 . . . 16,180 40,440 68,030 105,400 224,700 394,300 3.6 8.9 15.0 23.2 49.4 21.7 0.459 0.484 0.396 0.094 0.183 0.272
1996 . . . 16,070 39,440 66,330 102,700 215,900 376,100 3.6 9.0 15.1 23.3 49.0 21.4 0.455 0.464 0.389 0.093 0.179 0.266
199510 . . 16,010 39,130 65,440 100,600 209,900 362,300 3.7 9.1 15.2 23.3 48.7 21.0 0.450 0.452 0.378 0.090 0.175 0.261
199411 . . 15,150 37,750 63,600 98,970 208,100 359,500 3.6 8.9 15.0 23.4 49.1 21.2 0.456 0.471 0.387 0.092 0.179 0.268
199312 . . 14,770 37,440 62,760 97,530 203,200 348,800 3.6 9.0 15.1 23.5 48.9 21.0 0.454 0.467 0.385 0.092 0.178 0.266
199213 . . 14,920 37,390 62,990 96,700 187,400 297,400 3.8 9.4 15.8 24.2 46.9 18.6 0.433 0.417 0.324 0.080 0.160 0.243
1991 . . . 15,240 38,280 63,580 96,920 185,800 290,000 3.8 9.6 15.9 24.2 46.5 18.1 0.428 0.411 0.313 0.078 0.156 0.237
1990 . . . 15,660 39,400 65,080 98,130 190,400 303,200 3.8 9.6 15.9 24.0 46.6 18.5 0.428 0.402 0.317 0.078 0.156 0.236
1989 . . . 16,030 39,880 66,290 100,300 196,000 316,700 3.8 9.5 15.8 24.0 46.8 18.9 0.431 0.406 0.324 0.080 0.158 0.239
1988 . . . 15,470 39,040 65,290 98,690 188,400 297,200 3.8 9.6 16.0 24.2 46.3 18.3 0.426 0.401 0.314 0.078 0.155 0.236
198714 . . 15,210 38,660 64,640 97,700 185,800 292,700 3.8 9.6 16.1 24.3 46.2 18.2 0.426 0.408 0.314 0.078 0.155 0.237
1986 . . . 14,810 38,090 63,740 96,030 181,800 284,700 3.8 9.7 16.2 24.3 46.1 18.0 0.425 0.416 0.310 0.077 0.155 0.237
198515 . . 14,640 37,090 61,560 92,600 173,000 266,800 3.9 9.8 16.2 24.4 45.6 17.6 0.419 0.403 0.300 0.075 0.151 0.231
198416 . . 14,650 36,500 60,480 91,070 167,400 252,800 4.0 9.9 16.3 24.6 45.2 17.1 0.415 0.391 0.290 0.073 0.147 0.225
1983 . . . 14,190 35,650 58,940 88,440 162,400 245,300 4.0 9.9 16.4 24.6 45.1 17.0 0.414 0.397 0.288 0.072 0.147 0.226
1982 . . . 14,020 35,470 58,710 87,320 160,100 242,000 4.0 10.0 16.5 24.5 45.0 17.0 0.412 0.401 0.287 0.072 0.146 0.226
1981 . . . 14,280 35,570 58,930 87,850 156,900 233,200 4.1 10.1 16.7 24.8 44.3 16.5 0.406 0.387 0.277 0.070 0.141 0.220
1980 . . . 14,650 36,470 60,180 88,660 158,100 236,200 4.2 10.2 16.8 24.7 44.1 16.5 0.403 0.375 0.274 0.069 0.140 0.216
Footnotes available at end of table.
U.S. Census Bureau Income in the United States: 2024 33
Extracted source page 40
Table A-4b.
Selected Measures of Household Income Dispersion: 1967 to 2024—Con.
(Income in 2024 dollars, adjusted using the C-CPI-U (2000–2024) and R-CPI-U-RS (pre-2000). Further explanation of income
inequality measures is available at “The Changing Shape of the Nation’s Income Distribution: 1947–1998,” Current Population
Reports, Series P60-204. Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is avail-
able at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>)
Measures of income dispersion
Summary measures
Mean household income of quintiles Share of household income quintiles
Year Mean Atkinson
Gini loga-
index of rithmic
Lowest Second Third Fourth Highest Top 5 Lowest Second Third Fourth Highest Top 5 income deviation
quintile quintile quintile quintile quintile percent quintile quintile quintile quintile quintile percent inequality of income Theil e=0.25 e=0.50 e=0.75
197917. . . . . 15,120 37,610 62,010 91,000 163,300 249,100 4.1 10.2 16.8 24.6 44.2 16.9 0.404 0.369 0.279 0.070 0.141 0.216
1978. . . . . . 15,230 37,400 61,760 90,460 161,500 245,800 4.2 10.2 16.8 24.7 44.1 16.8 0.402 0.363 0.275 0.069 0.139 0.213
1977. . . . . . 14,720 36,240 59,960 87,850 156,600 239,600 4.2 10.2 16.9 24.7 44.0 16.8 0.402 0.364 0.276 0.069 0.139 0.213
197618. . . . . 14,820 36,280 59,660 86,640 153,300 233,600 4.3 10.3 17.0 24.7 43.7 16.6 0.398 0.361 0.271 0.068 0.137 0.211
197519. . . . . 14,460 35,510 58,250 84,640 149,400 226,800 4.3 10.4 17.0 24.7 43.6 16.5 0.397 0.361 0.270 0.067 0.136 0.210
197419, 20. . . 14,980 37,230 60,000 86,660 153,500 233,400 4.3 10.6 17.0 24.6 43.5 16.5 0.395 0.352 0.267 0.067 0.134 0.207
1973 . . . . . . 15,010 37,740 61,900 89,050 159,300 245,400 4.2 10.4 17.0 24.5 43.9 16.9 0.400 0.360 0.275 0.069 0.139 0.213
197221. . . . . 14,320 37,000 60,380 86,680 155,600 241,200 4.1 10.4 17.0 24.5 43.9 17.0 0.401 0.371 0.279 0.070 0.140 0.216
197122. . . . . 13,560 35,850 58,120 82,630 146,400 224,600 4.1 10.6 17.3 24.5 43.5 16.7 0.396 0.370 0.273 0.068 0.138 0.214
1970. . . . . . 13,460 36,470 58,740 82,790 146,600 225,000 4.1 10.8 17.4 24.5 43.3 16.6 0.394 0.370 0.271 0.068 0.138 0.214
1969. . . . . . 13,700 36,980 59,090 82,770 145,500 223,900 4.1 10.9 17.5 24.5 43.0 16.6 0.391 0.357 0.268 0.067 0.135 0.209
1968. . . . . . 13,340 35,780 56,750 79,170 137,600 210,300 4.2 11.1 17.6 24.5 42.6 16.3 0.386 0.352 0.261 0.065 0.133 0.206
196723. . . . . 12,290 34,060 54,370 76,080 136,900 216,000 4.0 10.8 17.3 24.2 43.6 17.2 0.397 0.377 0.280 0.070 0.141 0.218
¹ Implementation of 2020 Census-based population controls.
² Estimates reflect the implementation of an updated processing system and should be used to make comparisons to 2018 and subsequent
years.
³ The 2014 CPS ASEC included redesigned questions for income and health insurance coverage. All of the approximately 98,000 addresses
were eligible to receive the redesigned set of health insurance coverage questions. The redesigned income questions were implemented to a sub-
sample of these 98,000 addresses using a probability split panel design. Approximately 68,000 addresses were eligible to receive a set of income
questions similar to those used in the 2013 CPS ASEC and the remaining 30,000 addresses were eligible to receive the redesigned income ques-
tions. The source of these 2013 estimates is the portion of the CPS ASEC sample that received the redesigned income questions, approximately
30,000 addresses.
⁴ The source of these 2013 estimates is the portion of the CPS ASEC sample that received the income questions consistent with the 2013 CPS
ASEC, approximately 68,000 addresses.
⁵ Implementation of 2010 Census-based population controls. Beginning with 2010, standard errors in this table were calculated using replicate
weights. Before 2010, standard errors were calculated using the generalized variance function.
⁶ Beginning with 2009 income data, the Census Bureau expanded the upper income intervals used to calculate medians to $250,000 or more.
Medians falling in the upper open-ended interval are plugged with “$250,000.” Before 2009, the upper open-ended interval was $100,000 and a
plug of “$100,000” was used.
⁷ Data have been revised to reflect a correction to the weights in the 2005 CPS ASEC.
⁸ Implementation of a 28,000-household sample expansion.
⁹ Implementation of 2000 Census-based population controls.
10
Full implementation of 1990 Census-based sample design and metropolitan definitions, 7,000-household sample reduction, and revised
editing of responses on race.
11
Introduction of 1990 Census-based sample design.
12
Data collection method changed from paper and pencil to computer-assisted interviewing. In addition, the 1994 CPS ASEC was revised to
allow for the coding of different income amounts on selected questionnaire items. Limits either increased or decreased in the following catego-
ries: earnings limits increased to $999,999; Social Security limits increased to $49,999; Supplemental Security Income and public assistance limits
increased to $24,999; veterans’ benefits limits increased to $99,999; and child support and alimony limits decreased to $49,999.
13
Implementation of 1990 Census-based population controls.
14
Implementation of a new CPS ASEC processing system.
15
Recording of amounts for earnings from longest job increased to $299,999. Full implementation of 1980 Census-based sample design.
16
Implementation of Hispanic population weighting controls and introduction of 1980 Census-based sample design.
17
Implementation of 1980 Census-based population controls. Questionnaire expanded to show 27 possible values from 51 possible sources of
income.
18
First year medians were derived using both Pareto and linear interpolation. Before this year, all medians were derived using linear
interpolation.
19
Some of these estimates were derived using Pareto interpolation and may differ from published data, which were derived using linear
interpolation.
20
Implementation of a new CPS ASEC processing system. Questionnaire expanded to ask 11 income questions.
21
Full implementation of 1970 Census-based sample design.
22
Introduction of 1970 Census-based sample design and population controls.
23
Implementation of a new CPS ASEC processing system.
Note: Median income estimates are currently calculated using linear interpolation and $2,500 intervals. Between 1976 and 1987, some median
income estimates were also calculated using Pareto interpolation. More details on the different methods used can be found in “Money Income and
Poverty Status in the United States: 1988” (Advance Report) at <https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/1989/demographics/p60-166.pdf>.
Inflation-adjusted estimates may differ slightly from other published data due to rounding. Margins of error are available via email at
<sehsd.isb.list@census.gov>.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2025 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC; DMS number
P-7534374, DRB approval number CBDRB-FY25-0384).
34 Income in the United States: 2024 U.S. Census Bureau
Extracted source page 41
Table A-5.
U.S. Census Bureau
Selected Measures of Equivalence-Adjusted Income Dispersion: 1967 to 2024—Con.
(Further explanation of income inequality measures is available at “The Changing Shape of the Nation’s Income Distribution: 1947–1998,” Current Population Reports,
Series P60-204. Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-
surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>)
Measures of income dispersion
Equivalence-adjusted income ratios Summary measures
Share of equivalence-adjusted income quintiles
Year at selected percentiles Mean Atkinson
Gini index logarithmic
Lowest Second Third Fourth Highest of income deviation of
quintile quintile quintile quintile quintile 90th/10th 90th/50th 50th/10th inequality income Theil e=0.25 e=0.50 e=0.75
2024 . . . . . . . . . 3.5 9.0 14.6 22.4 50.5 10.26 2.76 3.72 0.465 0.626 0.403 0.097 0.191 0.296
2023 . . . . . . . . . 3.5 9.1 14.6 22.4 50.4 10.22 2.73 3.74 0.465 0.644 0.401 0.097 0.192 0.298
2022 . . . . . . . . . 3.5 9.1 14.6 22.1 50.7 10.35 2.71 3.82 0.467 0.661 0.408 0.098 0.194 0.303
2021 . . . . . . . . . 3.3 8.8 14.4 22.3 51.2 10.90 2.80 3.88 0.474 0.662 0.419 0.101 0.199 0.308
2020¹ . . . . . . . . 3.4 8.9 14.5 22.4 50.8 10.74 2.80 3.83 0.469 0.643 0.410 0.099 0.195 0.302
2019 . . . . . . . . . 3.6 9.0 14.6 22.3 50.5 9.78 2.71 3.61 0.465 0.597 0.404 0.097 0.190 0.291
2018 . . . . . . . . . 3.5 9.1 14.7 22.4 50.3 10.09 2.70 3.74 0.464 0.628 0.405 0.097 0.191 0.296
2017² . . . . . . . . 3.4 8.9 14.4 22.4 50.9 10.59 2.78 3.80 0.471 0.643 0.416 0.100 0.196 0.304
2017 . . . . . . . . . 3.5 9.0 14.7 22.7 50.1 10.45 2.75 3.80 0.463 0.639 0.397 0.096 0.191 0.298
2016 . . . . . . . . . 3.5 9.1 14.7 22.5 50.2 10.38 2.70 3.84 0.464 0.629 0.403 0.097 0.192 0.297
2015 . . . . . . . . . 3.4 9.0 14.8 22.9 49.8 10.48 2.68 3.92 0.462 0.623 0.396 0.096 0.190 0.295
2014 . . . . . . . . . 3.3 9.0 14.8 22.9 50.0 10.71 2.72 3.93 0.464 0.648 0.397 0.096 0.192 0.301
2013³ . . . . . . . . 3.4 8.8 14.7 22.8 50.3 10.65 2.73 3.91 0.467 0.635 0.409 0.098 0.194 0.301
2013⁴ . . . . . . . . 3.5 9.1 14.9 22.9 49.6 10.09 2.66 3.79 0.459 0.620 0.392 0.095 0.188 0.293
2012 . . . . . . . . . 3.4 9.0 14.8 22.9 49.9 10.38 2.66 3.91 0.463 0.629 0.405 0.097 0.192 0.298
2011 . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 9.0 14.8 22.8 50.0 10.19 2.69 3.79 0.463 0.626 0.404 0.097 0.191 0.297
2010⁵ . . . . . . . . 3.4 9.2 15.0 23.1 49.2 10.44 2.67 3.91 0.456 0.617 0.382 0.093 0.185 0.290
2009 . . . . . . . . 3.6 9.3 15.0 22.9 49.4 10.07 2.63 3.82 0.456 0.605 0.390 0.094 0.186 0.289
2008 . . . . . . . . 3.7 9.4 15.1 22.8 48.9 9.50 2.58 3.68 0.450 0.568 0.377 0.091 0.180 0.278
2007 . . . . . . . . . 3.8 9.5 15.3 22.9 48.5 9.19 2.55 3.60 0.444 0.548 0.368 0.089 0.175 0.271
2006 . . . . . . . . 3.8 9.4 14.9 22.5 49.3 9.12 2.57 3.55 0.452 0.557 0.393 0.093 0.182 0.278
2005 . . . . . . . . . 3.8 9.5 15.1 22.6 49.1 9.27 2.55 3.64 0.450 0.571 0.386 0.092 0.181 0.280
Income in the United States: 2024 35
2004⁶ . . . . . . . . 3.8 9.6 15.2 22.7 48.7 9.22 2.55 3.62 0.447 0.559 0.380 0.091 0.179 0.276
2003 . . . . . . . . . 3.9 9.5 15.2 22.8 48.6 9.15 2.56 3.58 0.445 0.548 0.373 0.090 0.176 0.272
2002 . . . . . . . . . 4.0 9.6 15.2 22.7 48.4 8.73 2.51 3.48 0.443 0.523 0.373 0.089 0.174 0.267
2001 . . . . . . . . . 4.0 9.6 15.2 22.4 48.8 8.63 2.50 3.45 0.446 0.527 0.386 0.091 0.177 0.270
2000⁷ . . . . . . . . 4.1 9.8 15.2 22.3 48.6 8.58 2.50 3.44 0.442 0.501 0.380 0.090 0.174 0.263
1999⁸ . . . . . . . . 4.0 9.7 15.3 22.6 48.4 8.72 2.50 3.49 0.441 0.492 0.366 0.088 0.171 0.260
1998 . . . . . . . . . 4.0 9.8 15.4 22.7 48.1 8.72 2.44 3.57 0.439 0.506 0.369 0.088 0.172 0.262
1997 . . . . . . . . . 4.0 9.8 15.4 22.6 48.3 8.93 2.47 3.61 0.440 0.500 0.374 0.089 0.173 0.263
1996 . . . . . . . . . 4.0 9.8 15.5 22.7 47.9 8.76 2.45 3.57 0.437 0.474 0.370 0.088 0.170 0.256
1995⁹ . . . . . . . . 4.1 9.9 15.6 22.8 47.6 8.59 2.42 3.55 0.433 0.463 0.356 0.085 0.166 0.251
199410 . . . . . . . . 4.0 9.8 15.6 22.8 47.8 8.95 2.43 3.68 0.436 0.474 0.363 0.087 0.169 0.256
199311 . . . . . . . . 3.9 9.8 15.6 23.0 47.7 9.08 2.43 3.73 0.436 0.472 0.363 0.087 0.169 0.256
199212 . . . . . . . . 4.2 10.4 16.3 23.7 45.5 8.60 2.34 3.68 0.412 0.416 0.298 0.074 0.149 0.230
1991 . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 10.6 16.5 23.6 45.0 8.30 2.31 3.59 0.406 0.398 0.289 0.071 0.144 0.222
1990 . . . . . . . . . 4.4 10.6 16.3 23.5 45.1 8.07 2.31 3.49 0.406 0.386 0.292 0.072 0.143 0.220
Footnotes available at end of table.
Extracted source page 42
Table A-5.
36 Income in the United States: 2024
Selected Measures of Equivalence-Adjusted Income Dispersion: 1967 to 2024—Con.
(Further explanation of income inequality measures is available at “The Changing Shape of the Nation’s Income Distribution: 1947–1998,” Current Population Reports,
Series P60-204. Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-
surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>)
Measures of income dispersion
Equivalence-adjusted income ratios Summary measures
Share of equivalence-adjusted income quintiles
Year at selected percentiles Mean Atkinson
Gini index logarithmic
Lowest Second Third Fourth Highest of income deviation of
quintile quintile quintile quintile quintile 90th/10th 90th/50th 50th/10th inequality income Theil e=0.25 e=0.50 e=0.75
1989 . . . . . . . . . 4.4 10.5 16.3 23.4 45.3 7.93 2.31 3.43 0.408 0.390 0.297 0.073 0.145 0.222
1988 . . . . . . . . . 4.4 10.7 16.5 23.7 44.7 8.06 2.28 3.53 0.402 0.379 0.285 0.070 0.141 0.216
198713 . . . . . . . . 4.4 10.8 16.7 23.8 44.4 8.07 2.25 3.58 0.399 0.379 0.280 0.069 0.139 0.215
1986 . . . . . . . . . 4.5 10.8 16.6 23.8 44.3 7.80 2.27 3.44 0.397 0.375 0.276 0.068 0.137 0.212
198514 . . . . . . . . 4.6 10.9 16.7 23.7 44.1 7.77 2.25 3.46 0.394 0.369 0.269 0.067 0.135 0.208
198415 . . . . . . . . 4.6 11.0 16.8 24.0 43.6 7.81 2.23 3.50 0.389 0.366 0.261 0.065 0.132 0.205
1983 . . . . . . . . . 4.6 11.0 16.9 24.0 43.5 7.52 2.21 3.41 0.389 0.373 0.260 0.065 0.132 0.207
1982 . . . . . . . . . 4.7 11.1 17.0 23.9 43.2 6.94 2.15 3.23 0.384 0.370 0.255 0.064 0.129 0.203
1981 . . . . . . . . . 5.0 11.4 17.2 24.0 42.4 6.75 2.13 3.17 0.373 0.346 0.240 0.060 0.122 0.192
1980 . . . . . . . . . 5.2 11.6 17.3 24.0 41.9 6.52 2.10 3.11 0.367 0.325 0.233 0.058 0.118 0.184
197916 . . . . . . . . 5.3 11.7 17.2 23.8 41.9 6.33 2.09 3.03 0.366 0.314 0.233 0.058 0.117 0.182
1978 . . . . . . . . . 5.4 11.8 17.3 23.7 41.8 6.20 2.08 2.98 0.363 0.308 0.230 0.057 0.115 0.178
1977 . . . . . . . . . 5.5 11.7 17.3 23.7 41.7 6.06 2.06 2.95 0.362 0.309 0.230 0.057 0.115 0.178
197617 . . . . . . . . 5.6 11.8 17.4 23.8 41.5 6.07 2.06 2.94 0.359 0.301 0.225 0.056 0.112 0.174
197518 . . . . . . . . 5.6 11.9 17.3 23.6 41.6 5.86 2.05 2.86 0.359 0.298 0.226 0.056 0.113 0.174
197418, 19 . . . . . . 5.8 12.1 17.3 23.6 41.2 6.11 2.09 2.92 0.354 0.288 0.220 0.055 0.110 0.169
1973 . . . . . . . . . 5.6 12.0 17.2 23.5 41.7 6.11 2.08 2.94 0.360 0.288 0.228 0.056 0.113 0.173
197220 . . . . . . . . 5.6 11.9 17.2 23.4 41.9 5.89 2.07 2.85 0.362 0.301 0.233 0.057 0.115 0.177
197121 . . . . . . . . 5.7 12.0 17.2 23.4 41.7 5.86 2.05 2.86 0.359 0.297 0.229 0.056 0.113 0.174
1970 . . . . . . . . . 5.7 12.1 17.3 23.4 41.5 5.76 2.03 2.84 0.357 0.297 0.227 0.056 0.112 0.174
1969 . . . . . . . . . 5.8 12.2 17.3 23.4 41.3 5.70 2.02 2.83 0.353 0.281 0.223 0.055 0.109 0.168
1968 . . . . . . . . . 5.8 12.3 17.4 23.4 41.1 5.94 2.07 2.87 0.351 0.284 0.220 0.054 0.109 0.168
196722 . . . . . . . . 5.6 12.0 17.1 23.2 42.1 5.84 2.05 2.84 0.362 0.302 0.238 0.058 0.116 0.178
Footnotes available on next page.
U.S. Census Bureau
Extracted source page 43
¹ Implementation of 2020 Census-based population controls. 12
Implementation of 1990 Census-based population controls.
U.S. Census Bureau
² Estimates reflect the implementation of an updated processing system and should be 13
Implementation of a new CPS ASEC processing system.
used to make comparisons to 2018 and subsequent years. 14
Recording of amounts for earnings from longest job increased to $299,999. Full imple-
³ The 2014 CPS ASEC included redesigned questions for income and health insurance mentation of 1980 Census-based sample design.
coverage. All of the approximately 98,000 addresses were eligible to receive the redesigned 15
Implementation of Hispanic population weighting controls and introduction of 1980
set of health insurance coverage questions. The redesigned income questions were imple- Census-based sample design.
mented to a subsample of these 98,000 addresses using a probability split panel design. 16
Implementation of 1980 Census-based population controls. Questionnaire expanded to
Approximately 68,000 addresses were eligible to receive a set of income questions similar show 27 possible values from 51 possible sources of income.
to those used in the 2013 CPS ASEC and the remaining 30,000 addresses were eligible to 17
First year medians were derived using both Pareto and linear interpolation. Before this
receive the redesigned income questions. The source of these 2013 estimates is the portion year, all medians were derived using linear interpolation.
of the CPS ASEC sample that received the redesigned income questions, approximately 18
Some of these estimates were derived using Pareto interpolation and may differ from
30,000 addresses. published data, which were derived using linear interpolation.
⁴ The source of these 2013 estimates is the portion of the CPS ASEC sample that received 19
Implementation of a new CPS ASEC processing system. Questionnaire expanded to ask
the income questions consistent with the 2013 CPS ASEC, approximately 68,000 addresses. 11 income questions.
⁵ Implementation of 2010 Census-based population controls. 20
Full implementation of 1970 Census-based sample design.
⁶ Data have been revised to reflect a correction to the weights in the 2005 CPS ASEC. 21
Introduction of 1970 Census-based sample design and population controls.
⁷ Implementation of a 28,000-household sample expansion. 22
Implementation of a new CPS ASEC processing system.
⁸ Implementation of 2000 Census-based population controls. Note: Some estimates have been slightly revised from previous estimates due to an
⁹ Full implementation of 1990 Census-based sample design and metropolitan definitions, improved table processing system. Margins of error are available via email at <sehsd.isb.list@
7,000-household sample reduction, and revised editing of responses on race. census.gov>.
10
Introduction of 1990 Census-based sample design. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2025 Annual Social
11
Data collection method changed from paper and pencil to computer-assisted interview- and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC; DMS number P-7534374, DRB approval number
ing. In addition, the 1994 CPS ASEC was revised to allow for the coding of different income CBDRB-FY25-0384).
amounts on selected questionnaire items. Limits either increased or decreased in the fol-
lowing categories: earnings limits increased to $999,999; Social Security limits increased to
$49,999; Supplemental Security Income and public assistance limits increased to $24,999;
veterans’ benefits limits increased to $99,999; child support and alimony limits decreased to
$49,999.
Income in the United States: 2024 37
Extracted source page 44
Table A-6.
Earnings Summary Measures by Selected Characteristics: 2023 and 2024—Con.
(Earnings in 2024 dollars, adjusted using the C-CPI-U. People 15 years and older, as of March of the following year, with
earnings. Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at
<https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>)
2023 20241 Percent change in
Median earnings Median earnings median earnings
Characteristic (dollars) (dollars) (2024 less 2023)*
Number Margin of Number Margin of Margin of
(thousands) Estimate error2 (±) (thousands) Estimate error2 (±) Estimate error2 (±)
PEOPLE WITH EARNINGS
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173,100 51,610 222 175,800 51,370 215 –0.5 0.55
Sex
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91,270 57,740 502 92,500 60,020 1,110 *4.0 2.00
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,790 43,200 281 83,290 45,380 404 *5.1 1.11
Race3 and Hispanic Origin
White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,300 52,030 249 133,300 51,800 248 –0.4 0.63
White, not Hispanic . . . . . 103,300 56,530 776 102,900 56,930 564 0.7 1.61
Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,110 44,210 2,170 22,530 45,130 1,193 2.1 5.43
Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,850 65,500 3,692 12,990 67,310 3,292 2.8 7.06
Hispanic (any race) . . . . . . . 32,830 38,240 368 34,640 40,840 369 *6.8 1.29
Age
Under 65 years . . . . . . . . . . . 159,500 52,010 239 162,100 51,740 216 –0.5 0.57
15 to 24 years . . . . . . . . . . 22,760 20,400 917 23,140 20,220 534 –0.9 5.10
25 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . 37,780 51,460 492 38,570 51,420 376 –0.1 1.15
35 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . 37,240 61,290 1,950 38,450 61,550 424 0.4 3.21
45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . 33,190 62,770 523 33,370 63,230 2,218 0.7 3.56
55 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . 28,500 58,980 2,225 28,530 60,040 2,222 1.8 5.26
65 years and older . . . . . . . . 13,590 40,410 2,246 13,740 41,110 867 1.7 5.58
Educational Attainment
Total, aged 25
and older . . . . . . . . 150,300 56,390 804 152,700 57,000 433 1.1 1.53
No high school diploma . . . 9,430 32,050 359 9,384 33,120 1,681 3.3 5.11
High school, no college . . . 37,480 42,490 323 37,510 42,300 305 –0.4 0.97
Some college . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,260 51,310 645 37,840 50,830 351 –0.9 1.31
Bachelor’s degree or
higher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,120 79,920 1,948 67,920 80,650 460 0.9 2.34
FULL-TIME, YEAR-ROUND
WORKERS WITH
EARNINGS
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,300 63,030 255 122,700 63,360 1,438 0.5 2.26
Sex
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,470 68,520 578 68,830 71,090 443 *3.7 1.01
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,850 56,670 644 53,840 57,520 1,089 1.5 2.08
Female-to-male earnings
ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X 0.827 0.0107 X 0.809 0.0147 *–2.2 1.96
Race and Hispanic Origin
3
White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,250 63,640 303 93,020 65,370 525 *2.7 0.91
White, not Hispanic . . . . . . 72,140 70,860 1,732 71,700 71,260 435 0.6 2.46
Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,060 53,310 510 15,750 52,370 926 –1.8 1.82
Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,657 83,110 1,324 9,456 86,560 3,561 4.1 4.24
Hispanic (any race) . . . . . . . 22,680 48,100 509 24,130 50,430 358 *4.9 1.26
Age
Under 65 years . . . . . . . . . . . 114,600 63,040 269 115,900 63,140 1,395 0.2 2.21
15 to 24 years . . . . . . . . . . 8,722 37,620 522 8,647 38,920 1,103 *3.5 3.25
25 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . 28,230 58,940 1,097 29,090 60,480 415 *2.6 2.00
35 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . 29,560 67,780 734 30,230 70,980 652 *4.7 1.28
45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . 26,650 72,190 767 26,740 72,460 2,141 0.4 3.13
55 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . 21,470 69,170 2,040 21,160 69,720 2,625 0.8 4.56
65 years and older . . . . . . . . 6,689 62,760 839 6,812 65,800 2,070 *4.8 3.27
Footnotes available at end of table.
38 Income in the United States: 2024 U.S. Census Bureau
Extracted source page 45
Table A-6.
Earnings Summary Measures by Selected Characteristics: 2023 and 2024—Con.
(Earnings in 2024 dollars, adjusted using the C-CPI-U. People 15 years and older, as of March of the following year, with
earnings. Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at
<https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>)
2023 20241 Percent change in
Median earnings Median earnings median earnings
Characteristic (dollars) (dollars) (2024 less 2023)*
Number Margin of Number Margin of Margin of
(thousands) Estimate error2 (±) (thousands) Estimate error2 (±) Estimate error2 (±)
Educational Attainment
Total, aged 25
and older . . . . . . . . 112,600 65,280 1,441 114,000 66,810 456 *2.3 2.29
No high school diploma . . . 6,266 37,960 603 6,302 40,450 552 *6.6 2.09
High school, no college . . . 27,540 50,070 1,085 27,180 50,640 262 1.1 2.25
Some college . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,350 58,210 482 27,620 60,220 413 *3.4 1.05
Bachelor’s degree or
higher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,450 91,720 2,567 52,920 91,250 535 –0.5 2.78
* An asterisk preceding an estimate indicates change is statistically different from zero at the 90 percent confidence level.
X Not applicable.
1
Due to the implementation of the Vintage 2024 population estimates, comparisons of the estimated change in number of people between
2023 and 2024 reflect both demographic change and methodological updates and are therefore not shown in this table.
2
A margin of error (MOE) is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the MOE in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable
the estimate. This number, when added to and subtracted from the estimate, forms the 90 percent confidence interval. MOEs shown in this
table are based on standard errors calculated using replicate weights.
3
Federal surveys give respondents the option of reporting more than one race. Therefore, two basic ways of defining a race group are
possible. A group, such as Asian, may be defined as those who reported Asian and no other race (the race-alone or single-race concept) or as
those who reported Asian regardless of whether they also reported another race (the race-alone-or-in-combination concept). This table shows
data using the first approach (race alone). The use of the single-race population does not imply that it is the preferred method of presenting
or analyzing data. The Census Bureau uses a variety of approaches. Data for American Indians and Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians or Pacific
Islanders, and those reporting Two or More Races are not shown separately.
Note: Median income estimates are calculated using linear interpolation and $2,500 intervals.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2024 and 2025 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC; DMS number
P-7534374, DRB approval number CBDRB-FY25-0384).
U.S. Census Bureau Income in the United States: 2024 39
Extracted source page 46
Table A-7.
Number and Real Median Earnings of Total Workers and Full-Time, Year-Round Workers With
Earnings by Sex and Female-to-Male Earnings Ratio: 1960 to 2024—Con.
(Earnings in 2024 dollars, adjusted using the C-CPI-U (2000-2024) and R-CPI-U-RS (pre-2000). People 15 years and older as
of March of the following year beginning in 1980, and people 14 years and older as of March of the following year for previous
years. Before 1989, earnings are for civilian workers only. Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling
error, and definitions is available at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>)
Total workers Full-time, year-round workers
Male Female Male Female
Median earnings Median earnings Median earnings Median earnings
Year (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) Female-
Number Margin Number Margin Number Margin Number Margin to-male
of workers of error¹ of workers of error¹ of workers of error¹ of workers of error¹ earnings
(thousands) Estimate (±) (thousands) Estimate (±) (thousands) Estimate (±) (thousands) Estimate (±) ratio
20242 . . . . 92,500 60,020 1,110 83,290 45,380 404 68,830 71,090 443 53,840 57,520 1,089 0.809
2023 . . . . . 91,270 57,740 502 81,790 43,200 281 68,470 68,520 578 52,850 56,670 644 0.827
2022 . . . . . 90,380 56,250 1,152 80,490 44,050 275 68,570 66,470 530 52,790 55,810 377 0.840
2021 . . . . . 88,940 58,530 255 79,100 45,010 864 66,370 70,240 338 50,990 58,810 338 0.837
20203 . . . . 88,640 58,950 1,115 79,500 43,000 365 60,290 73,590 339 46,000 61,180 332 0.831
2019 . . . . . 89,020 59,110 996 80,780 43,420 322 67,120 69,630 1,049 52,030 57,320 445 0.823
2018 . . . . . 88,120 57,490 500 79,440 40,160 849 67,210 68,000 584 50,800 55,470 598 0.816
20174 . . . . 88,020 56,540 846 78,290 40,010 239 66,500 65,480 281 49,230 53,470 1,094 0.817
2017 . . . . . 88,100 55,720 1,540 78,200 39,660 215 66,380 65,430 283 49,290 52,670 260 0.805
2016 . . . . . 86,890 53,900 300 77,740 39,430 258 64,950 65,930 269 48,330 53,050 313 0.805
2015 . . . . . 86,440 53,600 297 76,970 38,960 227 63,890 65,960 288 47,210 52,480 309 0.796
2014 . . . . . 84,490 52,300 275 75,570 36,550 610 62,460 64,850 279 46,230 51,000 923 0.786
20135 . . . . 83,860 52,510 651 74,820 35,750 606 61,240 65,290 1,220 44,630 50,640 1,495 0.776
20136 . . . . 83,560 52,090 938 74,550 36,210 782 60,770 65,310 528 45,070 51,120 779 0.783
2012 . . . . . 83,000 50,100 900 74,190 35,520 298 59,010 65,270 1,015 44,040 49,930 785 0.765
2011 . . . . . 81,370 50,290 368 73,090 35,760 292 57,990 64,910 1,050 43,680 49,990 341 0.770
20107 . . . . 80,860 51,080 363 72,720 36,800 299 56,280 66,580 1,117 43,180 51,220 333 0.769
20098 . . . . 81,930 51,140 273 72,970 36,640 215 56,050 66,340 340 43,220 51,060 243 0.770
2008 . . . . . 84,040 51,270 247 74,540 35,960 224 59,860 65,000 334 44,160 50,110 244 0.771
2007 . . . . . 84,480 53,240 253 74,300 37,610 218 62,980 65,560 359 45,610 51,010 244 0.778
2006 . . . . . 83,930 53,480 262 73,680 36,470 375 63,060 62,990 216 44,660 48,470 454 0.769
2005 . . . . . 82,930 52,690 709 72,480 35,390 361 61,500 63,480 227 43,350 48,870 204 0.770
20049 . . . . 81,450 51,270 418 71,930 35,130 205 60,090 64,390 234 42,380 49,310 205 0.766
2003 . . . . . 80,510 51,850 210 71,370 35,600 216 58,770 65,790 240 41,910 49,710 221 0.755
2002 . . . . . 80,500 52,270 223 71,410 35,390 204 58,760 65,120 663 41,880 49,880 217 0.766
2001 . . . . . 80,210 52,440 217 71,230 34,860 217 58,710 64,000 710 41,640 48,850 454 0.763
200010 . . . . 80,490 52,920 219 71,660 34,650 217 59,600 63,690 284 41,720 46,950 287 0.737
199911 . . . . 79,320 53,200 422 71,050 32,620 471 58,300 64,370 396 40,870 46,550 329 0.723
1998 . . . . . 77,300 51,910 692 68,850 31,980 478 56,950 63,810 395 38,790 46,690 350 0.732
1997 . . . . . 76,690 49,120 367 67,740 30,590 325 54,910 61,620 966 37,680 45,700 467 0.742
1996 . . . . . 76,120 48,200 378 66,660 29,960 335 53,790 60,080 354 36,430 44,320 510 0.738
199512 . . . . 74,620 48,000 499 65,560 29,400 322 52,670 60,430 363 35,480 43,160 432 0.714
199413 . . . . 74,260 46,460 598 64,710 28,130 423 51,580 60,600 401 34,160 43,610 355 0.720
199314 . . . . 73,200 45,040 432 63,660 27,890 449 49,820 61,020 386 33,520 43,640 317 0.715
199215 . . . . 73,120 45,050 389 62,410 27,820 453 48,550 62,100 386 33,240 43,960 345 0.708
1991 . . . . . 72,040 46,090 382 61,800 27,170 434 47,890 62,040 767 32,440 43,340 340 0.699
1990 . . . . . 72,350 47,040 367 61,730 26,770 288 49,170 60,490 744 31,680 43,320 457 0.716
1989 . . . . . 72,050 48,990 392 61,340 26,900 294 49,680 62,640 422 31,340 43,010 475 0.687
1988 . . . . . 70,470 49,310 445 60,660 26,550 311 48,290 63,770 460 31,240 42,120 496 0.660
198716 . . . . 69,550 49,160 592 59,360 26,340 286 47,010 64,370 441 29,910 41,950 322 0.652
1986 . . . . . 68,730 48,170 586 57,690 25,690 350 45,910 64,770 456 28,420 41,630 359 0.643
198517 . . . . 67,810 46,350 579 56,300 24,320 403 44,940 63,070 605 27,380 40,730 352 0.646
198418 . . . . 66,450 45,890 421 55,230 23,380 372 43,810 62,580 528 26,470 39,840 386 0.637
1983 . . . . . 65,140 45,140 407 53,110 23,110 277 41,530 61,450 462 25,170 39,080 393 0.636
1982 . . . . . 64,730 44,980 419 51,820 22,490 270 40,110 61,670 428 23,700 38,080 424 0.617
1981 . . . . . 65,230 46,740 439 51,940 22,410 265 41,770 62,870 362 23,330 37,240 255 0.592
1980 . . . . . 64,730 47,630 542 51,450 22,520 302 41,880 63,270 526 22,860 38,070 274 0.602
197919 . . . . 64,650 48,880 540 50,900 22,560 317 42,440 64,230 416 22,080 38,320 323 0.597
1978 . . . . . 62,900 50,140 401 48,400 21,690 326 41,040 65,010 367 20,910 38,640 354 0.594
1977 . . . . . 61,700 48,730 414 46,190 20,640 298 39,260 64,580 501 19,240 38,050 283 0.589
197620 . . . . 60,450 48,420 363 44,570 20,190 309 38,180 63,250 410 18,070 38,070 309 0.602
Footnotes available at end of table.
40 Income in the United States: 2024 U.S. Census Bureau
Extracted source page 47
Table A-7.
Number and Real Median Earnings of Total Workers and Full-Time, Year-Round Workers With
Earnings by Sex and Female-to-Male Earnings Ratio: 1960 to 2024—Con.
(Earnings in 2024 dollars, adjusted using the C-CPI-U (2000-2024) and R-CPI-U-RS (pre-2000). People 15 years and older as
of March of the following year beginning in 1980, and people 14 years and older as of March of the following year for previous
years. Before 1989, earnings are for civilian workers only. Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling
error, and definitions is available at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>)
Total workers Full-time, year-round workers
Male Female Male Female
Median earnings Median earnings Median earnings Median earnings
Year (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars)
Female-
Number Margin Number Margin Number Margin Number Margin to-male
of workers of error¹ of workers of error¹ of workers of error¹ of workers of error¹ earnings
(thousands) Estimate (±) (thousands) Estimate (±) (thousands) Estimate (±) (thousands) Estimate (±) ratio
197521 . . . . 59,270 48,070 425 42,930 19,640 343 37,270 63,390 409 17,450 37,280 311 0.588
197421, 22 . . 59,870 49,100 N 42,850 19,180 N 37,920 63,860 452 16,950 37,520 301 0.588
1973 . . . . . 59,440 51,330 N 41,580 19,320 N 39,580 66,130 N 17,200 37,450 N 0.566
197223 . . . . 57,770 50,130 N 39,470 19,960 N 38,180 64,000 N 16,680 37,030 N 0.579
197124 . . . . 56,890 47,900 N 38,490 19,360 N 36,820 60,940 N 16,000 36,260 N 0.595
1970 . . . . . 55,820 48,350 N 38,270 18,450 N 36,130 60,610 N 15,480 35,980 N 0.594
1969 . . . . . 55,270 48,910 N 37,740 18,180 N 37,010 58,320 N 15,370 35,280 N 0.605
1968 . . . . . 54,030 47,610 N 35,700 18,560 N 37,070 56,640 N 15,010 32,940 N 0.582
196725 . . . . 53,220 46,250 N 34,390 18,060 N 36,650 55,180 N 14,850 31,880 N 0.578
196626 . . . . N 46,790 N N 18,740 N N 54,350 N N 31,280 N 0.576
196527 . . . . N 44,040 N N 18,900 N N 52,060 N N 31,200 N 0.599
1964 . . . . . N 43,770 N N 17,770 N N 51,510 N N 30,470 N 0.591
1963 . . . . . N 46,380 N N 17,050 N N 50,140 N N 29,560 N 0.589
196228 . . . . N 41,800 N N 16,690 N N 48,950 N N 29,030 N 0.593
196129 . . . . N 40,520 N N 16,070 N N 48,070 N N 28,480 N 0.592
1960 . . . . . N 39,040 N N 15,870 N N 46,580 N N 28,260 N 0.607
N Not available.
¹ A margin of error (MOE) is a measure of an estimate's variability. The larger the MOE in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. This number, when added to
and subtracted from the estimate, forms the 90 percent confidence interval. MOEs shown in this table are based on standard errors calculated using replicate weights beginning with 2010.
Before 2010, standard errors were calculated using the generalized variance function.
2
Due to the implementation of the Vintage 2024 population estimates, comparisons of the estimated change in number of people between 2023 and 2024 reflect both demographic
change and methodological updates.
3
Implementation of 2020 Census-based population controls.
4
Estimates reflect the implementation of an updated processing system and should be used to make comparisons to 2018 and subsequent years.
5
The 2014 CPS ASEC included redesigned questions for income and health insurance coverage. All of the approximately 98,000 addresses were eligible to receive the redesigned set of
health insurance coverage questions. The redesigned income questions were implemented to a subsample of these 98,000 addresses using a probability split panel design. Approximately
68,000 addresses were eligible to receive a set of income questions similar to those used in the 2013 CPS ASEC and the remaining 30,000 addresses were eligible to receive the redesigned
income questions. The source of these 2013 estimates is the portion of the CPS ASEC sample that received the redesigned income questions, approximately 30,000 addresses.
6
The source of these 2013 estimates is the portion of the CPS ASEC sample that received the income questions consistent with the 2013 CPS ASEC, approximately 68,000 addresses.
7
Implementation of 2010 Census-based population controls. Beginning with 2010, standard errors in this table were calculated using replicate weights. Before 2010, standard errors
were calculated using the generalized variance function.
8
Beginning with 2009 income data, the Census Bureau expanded the upper income intervals used to calculate medians to $250,000 or more. Medians falling in the upper open-ended
interval are plugged with "$250,000." Before 2009, the upper open-ended interval was $100,000 and a plug of "$100,000" was used.
9
Data have been revised to reflect a correction to the weights in the 2005 CPS ASEC.
10
Implementation of a 28,000-household sample expansion.
11
Implementation of 2000 Census-based population controls.
12
Full implementation of 1990 Census-based sample design and metropolitan definitions, 7,000-household sample reduction, and revised editing of responses on race.
13
Introduction of 1990 Census-based sample design.
14
Data collection method changed from paper and pencil to computer-assisted interviewing. In addition, the 1994 CPS ASEC was revised to allow for the coding of different income
amounts on selected questionnaire items. Limits either increased or decreased in the following categories: earnings limits increased to $999,999; Social Security limits increased to $49,999;
Supplemental Security Income and public assistance limits increased to $24,999; veterans' benefits limits increased to $99,999; child support and alimony limits decreased to $49,999.
15
Implementation of 1990 Census-based population controls.
16
Implementation of a new CPS ASEC processing system.
17
Recording of amounts for earnings from longest job increased to $299,999. Full implementation of 1980 Census-based sample design.
18
Implementation of Hispanic population weighting controls and introduction of 1980 Census-based sample design.
19
Implementation of 1980 Census-based population controls. Questionnaire expanded to show 27 possible values from 51 possible sources of income.
20
First year medians were derived using both Pareto and linear interpolation. Before this year, all medians were derived using linear interpolation.
21
Some of these estimates were derived using Pareto interpolation and may differ from published data, which were derived using linear interpolation.
22
Implementation of a new CPS ASEC processing system. Questionnaire expanded to ask 11 income questions.
23
Full implementation of 1970 Census-based sample design.
24
Introduction of 1970 Census-based sample design and population controls.
25
Implementation of a new CPS ASEC processing system.
26
Questionnaire expanded to ask eight income questions.
27
Implementation of new procedures to impute missing data only.
28
Full implementation of 1960 Census-based sample design and population controls.
29
Introduction of 1960 Census-based sample design. Implementation of first hotdeck procedure to impute missing income entries.
Note: Median earnings estimates are currently calculated using linear interpolation and $2,500 intervals. Between 1976 and 1987, some median earnings estimates were also calculated
using Pareto interpolation. More details on the different methods used can be found in "Money Income and Poverty Status in the United States: 1988" (Advance Report) at <https://www2.
census.gov/library/publications/1989/demographics/p60-166.pdf>. Inflation-adjusted estimates may differ slightly from other published data due to rounding.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1961 to 2025 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC; DMS number P-7534374, DRB approval number
CBDRB-FY25-0384).
U.S. Census Bureau Income in the United States: 2024 41
Extracted source page 48
Appendix B. Post-Tax Household Income
The income estimates in the main In 2024, there were no major 2024. Shares of aggregate post-
sections of this report are based changes to tax policy at the fed- tax income exhibited a statistically
on the concept of money income. eral level. Various thresholds and significant decline for the second
Money income is pretax, which amounts were adjusted for infla- and third quintile, but the remain-
means it does not account for tion, including federal income tax ing quintiles and the top 5 percent
tax liabilities or tax credits. Tax brackets, the standard deduction, did not show a statistically signifi-
policies have an important effect and thresholds and amounts used cant change.
on the total resources available to to calculate the federal Earned
Looking at the measures of
households for consumption, and Income Tax Credit (EITC). Several
equivalence-adjusted, post-tax
an income concept that accounts states increased assistance to
income, there was no statistically
for these costs and benefits is also households in 2024. For example,
significant change in income
an important measure of house- seven added to or expanded
inequality between 2023 and
hold well-being. their state EITC, child tax credit,
2024 as measured by the Gini
or child and dependent care
This appendix presents post-tax index and the percentile income
credit programs, and one state
household income estimates and ratios (Table B-3). Additionally,
issued income tax rebates to its
inequality measures for 2023 and none of the shares of aggregate
residents. 3
2024. These estimates are sum- income by quintiles showed a
marized in Tables B-1 through Median post-tax household statistically significant change.
B-5. Post-tax income is defined as income increased between 2023
For more information on
money income net of federal and and 2024 by 1.8 percent. Median
inequality measures and
state taxes and credits, payroll post-tax household income
equivalence-adjusted income,
taxes (FICA), and temporary cash increased from $71,040 in 2023
refer to the Income Inequality
payments administered by tax to $72,330 in 2024. Refer to Table
section in the main text of this
agencies like rebates or stimulus B-1 for changes in post-tax median
report.
payments. income between 2023 and 2024
by selected demographic charac- Comparing inequality measures
Since the Current Population
teristics of the householder. using pretax money income and
Survey Annual Social and
post-tax income in 2024 illustrates
Economic Supplement (CPS Table B-2 compares median
the redistributive nature of the
ASEC) does not collect informa- household money income esti-
income tax system (Table B-4).
tion on taxes, the U.S. Census mates (which are pretax) to post-
In 2024, after accounting for
Bureau relies on a tax calculator tax estimates by demographic
taxes and credits, aggregate
to simulate federal and state taxes characteristics of the householder
shares of income in the bottom
paid and credits received. Post- in 2024. When accounting for all
four quintiles were higher, while
tax income estimates used in this taxes and credits, median house-
the share of aggregate income
appendix and the Supplemental hold income was reduced by 13.6
of the highest quintile was lower.
Poverty Measure (SPM) are based percent in 2024, compared to a
Inequality, as measured by the
on output from the CPS ASEC tax 14.1 percent reduction in 2023. For
Gini index, was 8.7 percent lower
model. These simulations include all demographic groups, median
when calculated using post-tax
federal, state, and local income post-tax income was significantly
income compared to pretax
taxes, as well as FICA taxes, and lower than pretax income.
income. Compared with pretax,
incorporate all changes in federal,
Table B-3 presents post-tax equivalence-adjusted income,
state, and local tax laws for calen-
inequality estimates for 2023 and aggregate shares of post-tax,
dar year 2024.1 For post-tax pov-
2024. The Gini index calculated equivalence-adjusted income
erty estimates, refer to the SPM
using post-tax income increased were higher in the bottom four
estimates in the report “Poverty in
1.0 percent between 2023 and quintiles but lower in the highest
the United States: 2024.”2
42 Income in the United States: 2024 U.S. Census Bureau
Extracted source page 49
quintile. The Gini index was had incomes as high as $140,100. ENDNOTES
also 10.2 percent lower using Households in the highest quin- 1
For more information about the CPS
equivalence-adjusted post-tax tile had incomes higher than ASEC Tax Model, refer to <www.census.
gov/topics/income-poverty/income/
income instead of money income $140,100. The top 5 percent of guidance/tax-model.html>.
2
Emily A. Shrider and Christina Bijou,
in 2024. households in the income distri-
“Poverty in the United States: 2024,”
bution had incomes of $253,000 Current Population Reports, P60-287,
Table B-5 presents the post-tax U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC,
or higher. The ratio of the 90th to September 2025, <www.census.gov/
percentiles and household post-
10th percentile was 9.85 in 2024, library/publications/2025/demo/p60-287.
tax income ratios at selected html>.
meaning post-tax income at the 3
For more information about the
percentiles for income years 2009
90th percentile was 9.85 times changes to the tax model in 2024, refer
through 2024. In 2024, house- to <https://www2.census.gov/programs-
higher than at the 10th percentile. surveys/demo/guidance/income-poverty/
holds in the lowest quintile had
The ratio of the 90th to 50th per- user-note/TY2024-tax-model-external-
post-tax incomes of $33,160 or user-notes.pdf>.
centile was 2.66 in 2024 and the
less. Households in the second
ratio of the 50th to 10th percentile
quintile had incomes as high as
was 3.71.
$57,920, those in the third quintile
had incomes as high as $89,410,
and those in the fourth quintile
U.S. Census Bureau Income in the United States: 2024 43
Extracted source page 50
Table B-1.
Post-Tax Household Income Summary Measures by Selected Characteristics: 2023 and 2024
(Income in 2024 dollars, adjusted using the C-CPI-U. Households as of March of the following year. Information on
confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at <https://www2.census.gov/
programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>)
2023 2024 Percent change in
real median
Median post-tax income¹ Median post-tax income¹ post-tax income
Characteristic (dollars) (dollars) (2024 less 2023)*, 3
Number Margin of Number Margin of Margin of
(thousands) Estimate error² (±) (thousands) Estimate error² (±) Estimate error² (±)
HOUSEHOLDS
All households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,200 71,040 616 134,800 72,330 749 *1.8 1.30
Type of Household
Family households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,680 90,940 882 85,960 93,730 1,036 *3.1 1.34
Married-couple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,300 104,200 1,023 62,850 108,700 1,213 *4.4 1.38
Female householder, no spouse present . . . 15,180 55,440 1,263 15,720 55,300 1,136 –0.3 2.77
Male householder, no spouse present . . . . . . 7,208 73,190 1,708 7,398 72,720 2,236 –0.6 3.79
Nonfamily households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,530 43,750 649 48,830 44,410 837 1.5 2.20
Female householder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,680 38,810 935 25,320 39,530 869 1.9 3.06
Male householder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,850 49,850 814 23,510 49,640 1,021 –0.4 2.43
Race⁴ and Hispanic Origin of Householder
White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,900 74,370 830 103,100 75,760 871 *1.9 1.51
White, not Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,440 77,880 919 84,700 79,330 1,074 *1.9 1.68
Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,040 51,120 1,138 18,590 50,580 1,222 –1.1 3.03
Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,655 97,270 3,316 8,304 101,000 3,226 3.8 4.62
Hispanic (any race) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,860 59,740 1,008 21,100 62,290 1,206 *4.3 2.30
Age of Householder
Under 65 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,590 79,800 868 95,500 81,030 834 *1.5 1.40
15 to 24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,881 49,940 1,496 6,012 52,420 1,805 *4.9 4.72
25 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,910 73,420 1,227 21,180 74,720 1,483 1.8 2.53
35 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,060 86,740 1,500 23,640 89,130 1,882 *2.7 2.39
45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,660 93,690 2,027 21,740 96,300 1,999 2.8 2.87
55 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,080 77,330 1,784 22,920 76,750 1,773 –0.7 3.06
65 years and older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,630 52,730 894 39,290 53,440 872 1.4 2.23
Nativity of Householder
Native-born . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110,300 72,010 729 111,900 72,840 759 1.2 1.37
Foreign-born . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,920 65,600 1,489 22,840 69,660 1,583 *6.2 3.10
Naturalized citizen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,220 76,090 2,431 12,770 78,910 2,309 3.7 4.28
Not a citizen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,700 56,810 1,325 10,080 61,550 1,831 *8.3 3.63
Region
Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,590 74,990 1,938 23,200 77,950 2,134 *4.0 3.18
Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,410 70,930 1,256 28,490 70,660 1,522 –0.4 2.63
South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,550 65,680 1,069 52,530 66,660 998 1.5 2.00
West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,670 78,040 1,768 30,570 80,990 1,331 *3.8 2.67
Residence⁵
Inside metropolitan statistical areas . . . . . . . . . 114,300 73,550 754 116,500 75,140 848 *2.2 1.44
Inside principal cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,910 64,830 1,100 44,700 66,890 1,188 *3.2 2.18
Outside principal cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,360 79,160 964 71,820 80,910 1,037 *2.2 1.65
Outside metropolitan statistical areas . . . . . . . . 17,950 57,570 1,359 18,270 57,510 1,321 –0.1 2.82
Educational Attainment of Householder
Total, aged 25 and older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,300 72,470 679 128,800 73,700 748 *1.7 1.32
No high school diploma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,546 36,930 1,109 9,678 36,240 1,186 –1.9 3.98
High school, no college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,810 52,220 820 31,960 53,060 956 1.6 2.29
Some college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,830 65,870 1,094 34,540 67,110 953 1.9 2.03
Bachelor’s degree or higher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,150 107,000 1,254 52,600 108,500 1,372 1.4 1.55
* An asterisk preceding an estimate indicates change is statistically different from zero at the 90 percent confidence level.
¹ Post-tax income is defined as money income net of federal and state income taxes and credits, as well as payroll taxes (FICA). Information on money income collected in the CPS
ASEC is available in the Appendix A section “How Income Is Measured.”
² A margin of error (MOE) is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the MOE in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. This number, when added to
and subtracted from the estimate, forms the 90 percent confidence interval. MOEs shown in this table are based on standard errors calculated using replicate weights.
³ Calculated estimate may be different due to rounded components.
⁴ Federal surveys give respondents the option of reporting more than one race. Therefore, two basic ways of defining a race group are possible. A group, such as Asian, may be
defined as those who reported Asian and no other race (the race-alone or single-race concept) or as those who reported Asian regardless of whether they also reported another race (the
race-alone-or-in-combination concept). This table shows data using the first approach (race alone). The use of the single-race population does not imply that it is the preferred method of
presenting or analyzing data. The Census Bureau uses a variety of approaches. Data for American Indians and Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians or Pacific Islanders, and those reporting Two
or More Races are not shown separately.
⁵ Information on metropolitan statistical areas and principal cities is available at <www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro/about/glossary.html>.
Note: Median income estimates are calculated using linear interpolation and $2,500 intervals.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2024 and 2025 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC; DMS number P-7534374, DRB approval number
CBDRB-FY25-0384).
44 Income in the United States: 2024 U.S. Census Bureau
Extracted source page 51
Table B-2.
Summary Measures by Selected Characteristics Using Money Income and Post-Tax Income: 2024
(Households as of March of the following year. Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and
definitions is available at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>)
Money income¹ Post-tax income³ Percent difference in
median income
Median income Median income (post-tax income less
Characteristic (dollars) (dollars) money income)*, 4
Number Margin of Number Margin of Margin of
(thousands) Estimate error² (±) (thousands) Estimate error² (±) Estimate error² (±)
HOUSEHOLDS
All households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,800 83,730 1,050 134,800 72,330 749 *–13.6 0.36
Type of Household
Family households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,960 108,600 1,466 85,960 93,730 1,036 *–13.7 0.33
Married-couple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,850 128,700 1,753 62,850 108,700 1,213 *–15.5 0.36
Female householder, no spouse present . . . 15,720 60,440 1,089 15,720 55,300 1,136 *–8.5 0.75
Male householder, no spouse present . . . . . . 7,398 83,260 2,445 7,398 72,720 2,236 *–12.7 0.91
Nonfamily households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,830 50,960 703 48,830 44,410 837 *–12.9 0.59
Female householder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,320 44,870 1,256 25,320 39,530 869 *–11.9 0.91
Male householder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,510 58,000 1,866 23,510 49,640 1,021 *–14.4 1.21
Race⁵ and Hispanic Origin of Householder
White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,100 88,010 1,272 103,100 75,760 871 *–13.9 0.41
White, not Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,700 92,530 1,271 84,700 79,330 1,074 *–14.3 0.37
Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,590 56,020 1,244 18,590 50,580 1,222 *–9.7 0.67
Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,304 121,700 3,993 8,304 101,000 3,226 *–17.0 1.27
Hispanic (any race) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,100 70,950 1,001 21,100 62,290 1,206 *–12.2 0.67
Age of Householder
Under 65 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,500 97,030 1,089 95,500 81,030 834 *–16.5 0.26
15 to 24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,012 60,310 2,128 6,012 52,420 1,805 *–13.1 1.32
25 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,180 90,100 2,485 21,180 74,720 1,483 *–17.1 1.09
35 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,640 106,100 1,751 23,640 89,130 1,882 *–16.0 0.64
45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,740 116,800 2,556 21,740 96,300 1,999 *–17.6 0.60
55 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,920 91,620 2,028 22,920 76,750 1,773 *–16.2 0.58
65 years and older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,290 56,680 985 39,290 53,440 872 *–5.7 0.45
Nativity of Householder
Native-born . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,900 84,490 1,075 111,900 72,840 759 *–13.8 0.38
Foreign-born . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,840 80,590 1,648 22,840 69,660 1,583 *–13.6 0.58
Naturalized citizen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,770 92,340 3,265 12,770 78,910 2,309 *–14.5 1.12
Not a citizen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,080 70,160 3,138 10,080 61,550 1,831 *–12.3 2.13
Region
Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,200 92,000 2,792 23,200 77,950 2,134 *–15.3 0.71
Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,490 82,220 1,812 28,490 70,660 1,522 *–14.1 0.62
South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,530 76,490 951 52,530 66,660 998 *–12.9 0.41
West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,570 94,650 2,301 30,570 80,990 1,331 *–14.4 0.91
Residence⁶
Inside metropolitan statistical areas . . . . . . . . . 116,500 87,410 1,110 116,500 75,140 848 *–14.0 0.35
Inside principal cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,700 77,450 1,615 44,700 66,890 1,188 *–13.6 0.63
Outside principal cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,820 94,250 1,528 71,820 80,910 1,037 *–14.2 0.44
Outside metropolitan statistical areas . . . . . . . . 18,270 63,750 2,247 18,270 57,510 1,321 *–9.8 1.48
Educational Attainment of Householder
Total, aged 25 and older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,800 85,580 846 128,800 73,700 748 *–13.9 0.26
No high school diploma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,678 36,900 1,068 9,678 36,240 1,186 *–1.8 1.13
High school, no college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,960 58,410 1,659 31,960 53,060 956 *–9.2 1.17
Some college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,540 76,520 1,042 34,540 67,110 953 *–12.3 0.54
Bachelor’s degree or higher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,600 132,700 2,190 52,600 108,500 1,372 *–18.2 0.59
* An asterisk preceding an estimate indicates change is statistically different from zero at the 90 percent confidence level.
¹ Information on money income collected in the CPS ASEC is available in the Appendix A section “How Income Is Measured.”
² A margin of error (MOE) is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the MOE in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. This number, when added
to and subtracted from the estimate, forms the 90 percent confidence interval. MOEs shown in this table are based on standard errors calculated using replicate weights.
³ Post-tax income is defined as money income net of federal and state income taxes and credits, as well as payroll taxes (FICA).
⁴ Calculated estimate may be different due to rounded components.
⁵ Federal surveys give respondents the option of reporting more than one race. Therefore, two basic ways of defining a race group are possible. A group, such as Asian, may be
defined as those who reported Asian and no other race (the race-alone or single-race concept) or as those who reported Asian regardless of whether they also reported another race
(the race-alone-or-in-combination concept). This table shows data using the first approach (race alone). The use of the single-race population does not imply that it is the preferred
method of presenting or analyzing data. The Census Bureau uses a variety of approaches. Data for American Indians and Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians or Pacific Islanders, and those
reporting Two or More Races are not shown separately.
⁶ Information on metropolitan statistical areas and principal cities is available at <www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro/about/glossary.html>.
Note: Median income estimates are calculated using linear interpolation and $2,500 intervals.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2025 Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS ASEC; DMS number P-7534374, DRB approval number
CBDRB-FY25-0384).
U.S. Census Bureau Income in the United States: 2024 45
Extracted source page 52
Table B-3.
Distribution Measures Using Post-Tax Income and Equivalence-Adjusted Post-Tax Income:
2023 and 2024
(Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at
<https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>)
Percent change
2023 2024
(2024 less 2023)*, 2
Measure
Margin of Margin of Margin of
Estimate error¹ (±) Estimate error¹ (±) Estimate error¹ (±)
POST-TAX INCOME³
Share of Aggregate Income by Percentile
Lowest quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 0.06 3.8 0.06 –0.8 2.25
Second quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 0.08 9.4 0.09 *–1.8 1.13
Third quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.2 0.11 15.0 0.11 *–1.1 0.95
Fourth quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.3 0.13 23.2 0.15 –0.1 0.80
Highest quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.2 0.29 48.6 0.32 0.8 0.86
Top 5 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.1 0.31 20.4 0.35 1.3 2.31
Household Income at Selected Percentiles
10th percentile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,270 411 19,520 414 1.3 2.79
50th percentile (median) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,040 616 72,330 749 *1.8 1.30
90th percentile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186,500 1,709 192,400 2,209 *3.1 1.35
Summary Measures
Gini index of income inequality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.442 0.0030 0.446 0.0034 *1.0 0.98
90th/10th percentile income ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.68 0.213 9.85 0.235 1.8 3.11
90th/50th percentile income ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.63 0.026 2.66 0.033 1.3 1.51
50th/10th percentile income ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.69 0.072 3.71 0.073 0.5 2.68
EQUIVALENCE-ADJUSTED POST-TAX INCOME³
Share of Aggregate Income by Percentile
Lowest quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 0.07 4.5 0.07 Z 2.09
Second quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 0.08 10.3 0.09 –0.8 1.11
Third quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.8 0.11 15.7 0.10 –0.5 0.91
Fourth quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.8 0.12 22.8 0.14 0.1 0.77
Highest quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.5 0.28 46.6 0.31 0.3 0.90
Top 5 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.5 0.30 19.6 0.34 0.2 2.29
Household Income at Selected Percentiles
10th percentile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,260 565 32,280 540 *3.3 2.33
50th percentile (median) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,450 874 97,290 833 *3.0 1.24
90th percentile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230,000 2,835 238,400 2,543 *3.6 1.61
Summary Measures
Gini index of income inequality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.416 0.0030 0.418 0.0033 0.4 1.06
90th/10th percentile income ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.36 0.146 7.38 0.138 0.4 2.68
90th/50th percentile income ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.44 0.030 2.45 0.026 0.6 1.61
50th/10th percentile income ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.02 0.052 3.01 0.049 –0.2 2.22
* An asterisk preceding an estimate indicates change is statistically different from zero at the 90 percent confidence level.
Z Rounds to zero.
¹ A margin of error (MOE) is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the MOE in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable
the estimate. This number, when added to and subtracted from the estimate, forms the 90 percent confidence interval. MOEs shown in this table
are based on standard errors calculated using replicate weights.
² Calculated estimate may be different due to rounded components.
³ Post-tax income is defined as money income net of federal and state income taxes and credits, as well as payroll taxes (FICA). Information
on money income collected in the CPS ASEC is available in the Appendix A section “How Income Is Measured.”
Note: Median income estimates are calculated using linear interpolation and $2,500 intervals.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2024 and 2025 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC; DMS number
P-7534374, DRB approval number CBDRB-FY25-0384).
46 Income in the United States: 2024 U.S. Census Bureau
Extracted source page 53
Table B-4.
Distribution Measures Using Money Income, Post-Tax Income, Equivalence-Adjusted Income, and
Equivalence-Adjusted Post-Tax Income: 2024
(Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at
<https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>)
Percent difference
Money income¹ Post-tax income³ (post-tax income less
Measure money income)*, 4
Margin of Margin of Margin of
Estimate error² (±) Estimate error² (±) Estimate error² (±)
INCOME
Share of Aggregate Income by Percentile
Lowest quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 0.06 3.8 0.06 *23.3 0.40
Second quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 0.09 9.4 0.09 *15.1 0.32
Third quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9 0.12 15.0 0.11 *7.9 0.25
Fourth quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.6 0.18 23.2 0.15 *2.8 0.22
Highest quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.2 0.37 48.6 0.32 *–7.0 0.12
Top 5 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1 0.43 20.4 0.35 *–11.8 0.33
Household Income at Selected Percentiles
10th percentile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,900 441 19,520 414 *–1.9 1.02
50th percentile (median) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,730 1,050 72,330 749 *–13.6 0.36
90th percentile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251,000 2,731 192,400 2,209 *–23.4 0.32
Summary Measures
Gini index of income inequality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.488 0.0037 0.446 0.0034 *–8.7 0.13
90th/10th percentile income ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.61 0.304 9.85 0.235 *–21.9 0.80
90th/50th percentile income ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.00 0.038 2.66 0.033 *–11.3 0.52
50th/10th percentile income ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.21 0.089 3.71 0.073 *–11.9 1.04
EQUIVALENCE-ADJUSTED INCOME
Share of Aggregate Income by Percentile
Lowest quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 0.06 4.5 0.07 *29.3 0.51
Second quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 0.10 10.3 0.09 *14.4 0.31
Third quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.6 0.12 15.7 0.10 *7.6 0.23
Fourth quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.4 0.16 22.8 0.14 *1.8 0.21
Highest quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.5 0.36 46.6 0.31 *–7.6 0.12
Top 5 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.3 0.43 19.6 0.34 *–12.5 0.36
Household Income at Selected Percentiles
10th percentile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,280 418 32,280 540 *6.6 0.91
50th percentile (median) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112,700 1,121 97,290 833 *–13.7 0.22
90th percentile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310,800 4,009 238,400 2,543 *–23.3 0.37
Summary Measures
Gini index of income inequality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.465 0.0037 0.418 0.0033 *–10.2 0.13
90th/10th percentile income ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.26 0.185 7.38 0.138 *–28.1 0.71
90th/50th percentile income ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.76 0.036 2.45 0.026 *–11.2 0.47
50th/10th percentile income ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.72 0.054 3.01 0.049 *–19.0 0.73
* An asterisk preceding an estimate indicates change is statistically different from zero at the 90 percent confidence level.
¹ Information on money income collected in the CPS ASEC is available in the Appendix A section “How Income Is Measured.”
² A margin of error (MOE) is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the MOE in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable
the estimate. This number, when added to and subtracted from the estimate, forms the 90 percent confidence interval. MOEs shown in this
table are based on standard errors calculated using replicate weights.
³ Post-tax income is defined as money income net of federal and state income taxes and credits, as well as payroll taxes (FICA).
⁴ Calculated estimate may be different due to rounded components.
Note: Median income estimates are calculated using linear interpolation and $2,500 intervals.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2025 Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS ASEC; DMS number P-7534374,
DRB approval number CBDRB-FY25-0384).
U.S. Census Bureau Income in the United States: 2024 47
Extracted source page 54
Table B-5.
Selected Measures of Household Post-Tax Income Dispersion: 2009 to 2024
(Income in 2024 dollars, adjusted using the C-CPI-U. Further explanation of income inequality measures is available at “The
Changing Shape of the Nation’s Income Distribution: 1947–1998,” Current Population Reports, Series P60-204. Information on
confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at
<https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>)
Measures of post-tax income dispersion¹
Post-tax income ratios at
Post-tax income at selected percentiles
selected percentiles
Year
50th
10th 20th 30th 40th percentile 60th 70th 80th 90th 95th
percentile percentile percentile percentile (median) percentile percentile percentile percentile percentile 90th/10th 90th/50th 50th/10th
2024 . . . . . 19,520 33,160 45,370 57,920 72,330 89,410 111,400 140,100 192,400 253,000 9.85 2.66 3.71
2023 . . . . . 19,270 32,650 44,980 56,990 71,040 87,610 108,300 136,000 186,500 243,400 9.68 2.63 3.69
2022 . . . . . 18,290 31,180 43,340 55,130 68,480 84,520 104,200 129,900 176,900 234,200 9.67 2.58 3.74
2021 . . . . . 21,240 34,650 48,030 61,040 75,020 92,060 113,500 142,100 189,900 247,400 8.94 2.53 3.53
2020² . . . . 21,650 35,320 48,480 61,370 75,640 92,400 113,500 142,600 189,800 248,700 8.77 2.51 3.49
2019 . . . . . 19,440 33,060 45,610 58,180 72,220 89,360 110,100 138,300 189,000 247,300 9.72 2.62 3.71
2018 . . . . . 17,890 30,850 42,810 54,660 67,920 83,200 102,900 128,900 175,900 231,900 9.84 2.59 3.80
2017³ . . . . 17,860 30,020 41,310 52,670 65,560 81,200 100,300 126,600 172,400 226,300 9.65 2.63 3.67
2017 . . . . . 17,790 29,970 41,230 52,820 65,860 81,330 99,780 125,700 169,200 218,700 9.51 2.57 3.70
2016 . . . . . 17,370 29,820 40,980 52,220 64,960 80,100 98,330 121,000 165,700 212,700 9.54 2.55 3.74
2015 . . . . . 17,130 28,820 39,450 50,610 63,030 76,750 92,770 114,400 158,000 203,800 9.22 2.51 3.68
2014 . . . . . 16,150 27,170 37,780 48,540 60,710 74,060 89,710 111,500 153,900 199,800 9.52 2.53 3.76
2013⁴ . . . . 16,300 26,910 37,610 48,030 59,510 72,940 89,270 111,700 152,000 191,700 9.33 2.55 3.65
2013⁵ . . . . 16,170 27,100 37,780 48,880 61,300 74,160 89,420 111,100 153,600 200,100 9.50 2.51 3.79
2012 . . . . . 16,550 27,350 37,440 48,110 59,670 73,220 90,060 113,200 153,600 191,500 9.28 2.57 3.60
2011 . . . . . 16,220 27,380 37,630 47,940 59,220 72,570 89,570 112,800 153,400 191,400 9.46 2.59 3.65
2010⁶ . . . . 16,600 27,390 38,110 48,560 60,010 73,510 90,330 112,900 149,700 188,300 9.02 2.49 3.61
2009⁷ . . . . 17,430 28,790 39,280 49,720 61,170 74,740 91,440 113,900 150,700 190,200 8.64 2.46 3.51
¹ Post-tax income is defined as money income net of federal and state income taxes and credits, as well as payroll taxes (FICA). Information on
money income collected in the CPS ASEC is available in the Appendix A section “How Income Is Measured.”
² Implementation of 2020 Census-based population controls.
³ Estimates reflect the implementation of an updated processing system and should be used to make comparisons to 2018 and subsequent
years.
⁴ The 2014 CPS ASEC included redesigned questions for income and health insurance coverage. All of the approximately 98,000 addresses
were eligible to receive the redesigned set of health insurance coverage questions. The redesigned income questions were implemented to a sub-
sample of these 98,000 addresses using a probability split panel design. Approximately 68,000 addresses were eligible to receive a set of income
questions similar to those used in the 2013 CPS ASEC and the remaining 30,000 addresses were eligible to receive the redesigned income ques-
tions. The source of these 2013 estimates is the portion of the CPS ASEC sample that received the redesigned income questions, approximately
30,000 addresses.
⁵ The source of these 2013 estimates is the portion of the CPS ASEC sample that received the income questions consistent with the 2013 CPS
ASEC, approximately 68,000 addresses.
⁶ Implementation of 2010 Census-based population controls.
⁷ Beginning with 2009 income data, the Census Bureau expanded the upper income intervals used to calculate medians to $250,000 or more.
Medians falling in the upper open-ended interval are plugged with “$250,000.” Before 2009, the upper open-ended interval was $100,000 and a
plug of “$100,000” was used.
Note: Median income estimates are calculated using linear interpolation and $2,500 intervals. Inflation-adjusted estimates may differ slightly
from other published data due to rounding. Margins of error are available via email at <sehsd.isb.list@census.gov>.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2010 to 2025 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC; DMS number
P-7534374, DRB approval number CBDRB-FY25-0384).
48 Income in the United States: 2024 U.S. Census Bureau
Extracted source page 55
Appendix C. Additional Information
SOURCE AND ACCURACY OF regardless of whether they live on- Variance Function (GVF) method
THE ESTIMATES or off-post. All other U.S. armed was used. More information on
forces personnel are excluded. replicate weights, standard errors,
The Current Population Survey
The estimates in this report income top-coding and data
(CPS) is the longest-running
are controlled to March 2025 swapping on the public-use file,
survey conducted by the
independent national population and changes to the CPS ASEC
U.S. Census Bureau. The CPS is a
estimates by age, sex, race, and data file from the prior year is
household survey primarily used
Hispanic origin. Beginning with available at <https://www2.census.
to collect employment data. The
the data for 2020, population gov/programs-surveys/cps/
sample universe for the basic CPS
estimates are based on 2020 techdocs/cpsmar25.pdf>.
consists of the resident civilian
Census population counts and are
noninstitutionalized population
updated annually after accounting Nonresponse Bias in the CPS
of the United States. People in
for births, deaths, emigration, and ASEC
institutions, such as prisons, long-
immigration.
term care hospitals, and nursing The Census Bureau administers
homes, are not eligible to be Due to the implementation of the CPS ASEC each year between
interviewed in the CPS. Students the Vintage 2024 population February and April by telephone
living in dormitories are included estimates, comparisons of the and in-person interviews, with
in the estimates only if information estimated change in number of most data collected in March.
about them is reported in an people between 2023 and 2024 Although the 2025 CPS ASEC
interview at their parents’ home. (2024 CPS ASEC and 2025 CPS was collected using standard
Since the CPS is a household ASEC) reflect both demographic procedures, response rates are still
survey, people who are homeless change and updates to the lower than they were before the
and not living in shelters are not methodology. More information pandemic. The weighted response
included in the sample. on the effect of the change is rate for the 2025 CPS ASEC was
available at <www.census.gov/ 62.0 percent, compared to 61.7
The CPS Annual Social and
library/working-papers/2025/ percent for the previous year.
Economic Supplement (CPS
demo/sehsd-wp2025-13.html>.
ASEC), the source for the Since response rates remain below
estimates in this report, collects The estimates in this report (which prepandemic levels, examining
data in February, March, and may be shown in text, figures, and how respondents differ from
April each year, asking detailed tables) are based on responses nonrespondents is important,
questions categorizing income into from a sample of the population as this difference could affect
over 50 sources. The key purpose and may differ from actual values the accuracy of the estimates.
of the survey is to provide timely because of sampling variability or For more details on how sample
and comprehensive estimates other factors. As a result, apparent difference and the associated
of income, poverty, and health differences between the estimates nonresponse bias impact income
insurance, and to measure change for two or more groups may not and official poverty estimates,
in these national-level estimates. be statistically significant. All refer to the Research Matters blog,
comparative statements have “Using Administrative Data to
The CPS ASEC collects data in
undergone statistical testing and Evaluate Nonresponse Bias in the
the 50 states and the District
are statistically significant at the 2025 Current Population Survey
of Columbia; these data do not
90 percent confidence level unless Annual Social and Economic
represent residents of Puerto
otherwise noted. Supplement,” available at <www.
Rico or the U.S. Island Areas.1 The
census.gov/newsroom/blogs/
2025 CPS ASEC sample consists In this report, the variances of research-matters/2025/09/
of about 89,000 addresses. estimates were calculated using administrative-data-nonresponse-
The CPS ASEC includes military replication methods. For estimates bias-cps-asec.html>.
personnel who live in a household prior to 2010, or as noted in
with at least one civilian adult, historical tables, the Generalized
U.S. Census Bureau Income in the United States: 2024 49
Extracted source page 56
CPS ASEC MODERNIZATION statistics for 2018. The second Access Tool (MDAT), available at
NEWS release, in January 2025, <https://data.census.gov/mdat>.
The Census Bureau has begun
expanded on the first release by
a multiyear effort to modernize Microdata for the 2025 CPS ASEC
creating additional measures of
many of its surveys, including the and earlier years are available
disposable income, a resource
CPS. Part of this involves adding online at <www.census.gov/data/
measure that includes nonhealth
an Internet Self-Response (ISR) datasets/time-series/demo/
means-tested in-kind benefits,
mode to the CPS and then the CPS cps/cps-asec.html>. Technical
and the income component of the
ASEC. methods have been applied to
Supplemental Poverty Measure
CPS microdata to avoid disclosing
This project requires extensive (SPM). The release also made
respondents’ identities.
review and testing to ensure several important improvements,
that ISR is a viable collection most notably estimates of federal
OTHER SOURCES OF INCOME
mode for the CPS ASEC and that and state taxes and credits,
DATA
changes do not negatively affect the inclusion of additional
the reliability and comparability administrative data on means- Since the CPS ASEC produces
of the estimates. The project tested program benefits, and an thorough and timely estimates
schedule seeks to align the CPS update to the model that combines of income, the Census Bureau
ASEC modernization effort with survey and administrative earnings recommends that people use it
that of the CPS to maintain to estimate the unobserved true for national estimates. However,
continuity. However, the schedule earnings distribution. In July 2025, the Census Bureau produces
and activities may change to NEWS was expanded to include other data that are appropriate
accommodate funding availability, income and poverty estimates for subnational areas and that
discovery of issues during from 2016 to 2021. can be used for longitudinal
testing and analysis, and project analysis. The American Community
More information on the NEWS Survey (ACS) and the Small Area
reprioritization.
project is available at <www. Income and Poverty Estimates
More information about the ASEC census.gov/data/experimental- (SAIPE) program can be used for
modernization project and timeline data-products/national- subnational income estimates,
is available on the Census Bureau’s experimental-wellbeing-statistics. while the Survey of Income and
CPS ASEC Modernization Efforts html>. Program Participation (SIPP)
webpage at <www.census.gov/ provides monthly and longitudinal
programs-surveys/cps/about/ ACCESSING INCOME DATA estimates.
modernization/asecmodernization.
html> or by email at <demo.asec. Additional CPS ASEC Estimates
American Community Survey
modernization@census.gov>. Additional estimates from the CPS (ACS)
ASEC are available on the Census
NATIONAL EXPERIMENTAL The ACS is an ongoing survey
Bureau’s income websites. These
WELL-BEING STATISTICS that collects comprehensive
include detailed tables, historical
(NEWS) PROJECT information on social, economic,
tables, press releases, briefings,
and housing topics. Due to
The NEWS project is an and working papers. The websites
its large sample size, the ACS
experimental effort to develop may be accessed through the
provides estimates at many levels
improved estimates of income, Census Bureau’s home page at
of geography and for smaller
poverty, and other measures of <www.census.gov> or directly at
population groups.
economic well-being by looking <www.census.gov/topics/income-
at data collected in previous poverty.html>. The Census Bureau presents
years, using a wider range of annual estimates of income by
data sources, and applying new Public-Use Microdata state and other smaller geographic
advanced analysis techniques. Public-use CPS ASEC microdata units based on data collected in
are available for data users of all the ACS. Single-year estimates
The first NEWS release in February
skill levels. Data users can create from the ACS are available for
2023 included a working paper
custom statistics from public use geographic units with populations
that provided improved estimates
microdata files using the Microdata of 65,000 or more. Estimates
of income and official poverty
50 Income in the United States: 2024 U.S. Census Bureau
Extracted source page 57
of income and poverty for all Survey of Income and Program QUESTIONS AND COMMENTS
geographic units, including census Participation (SIPP)
For questions and assistance
tracts and block groups, are
The SIPP provides both monthly with income data, contact the
available by pooling 5 years of ACS
and longitudinal data about labor U.S. Census Bureau Customer
data. Estimates from the ACS are
force participation and income Service Center at 1-800-923-8282
available at <https://data.census.
sources and amounts at the (toll-free) or search your topic of
gov>.
individual, family, and household interest using the Census Bureau’s
level by following the same “Question and Answer Center”
Small Area Income and Poverty
respondents over time. Whereas found at <https://ask.census.gov/>.
Estimates (SAIPE) Program
the CPS ASEC provides reliable
The SAIPE program uses statistical The Census Bureau also welcomes
estimates of the net change
models to produce estimates of the comments and advice of
from one year to the next in the
median household income and data and report users. If you have
overall distribution of economic
poverty for states and all counties, suggestions or comments on this
characteristics for the whole
as well as population and poverty report, contact:
population, it cannot show how
estimates for school districts. these characteristics change Liana E. Fox
Statistics from the SAIPE program for the same person, family, or Assistant Division Chief for
are used by the Department of household. By collecting monthly Economic Characteristics
Education to allocate funding data for the same respondents
Social, Economic, and Housing
under Title I of the Elementary and over multiple years, the SIPP
Statistics Division
Secondary Education Act. SAIPE makes it possible to understand
methodology combines data from how economic characteristics U.S. Census Bureau
a variety of sources, including change at the individual level. This Washington, DC, 20233-8500
administrative records, population yields insights into the dynamic Or email <liana.e.fox@census.gov>.
estimates, the decennial census, nature of these experiences, as
and the ACS, to provide consistent well as the economic mobility
ENDNOTE
and reliable single-year estimates of U.S. residents. Estimates from
1
U.S. Island Areas include American
for all counties and school these data are available in table Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the
districts regardless of size each packages, working papers, and Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin
Islands.
year. In general, SAIPE estimates the Census Bureau’s P70 Series
have lower variances than reports, all available at <www.
ACS estimates but offer fewer census.gov/programs-surveys/
demographic details than the ACS. sipp/library/publications.html>.
Estimates from this program are
available at <www.census.gov/
programs-surveys/saipe.html>.
U.S. Census Bureau Income in the United States: 2024 51
Extracted source page 58
P60-286 Income in the United States: 2024 Current Population Reports U.S. Census Bureau