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Unintentional Fall Deaths in Adults Age 65 and Older

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Document content

Matthew F. Garnett, M.P.H., Julie D. Weeks, Ph.D., and Anne M. Zehner, M.P.H.

Falls are the leading cause of injury for adults age 65 and older (1). Older adults have higher death rates from unintentional falls than adults in other age groups. This Data Brief updates a previous report (2), presenting the most recent final data on older adult fall death rates along with trends starting from 2003.

Key findings

Data from the National Vital Statistics System

  • In 2023, the unintentional fall death rate for adults age 65 and older was 69.9 per 100,000 population. Rates for both men and women increased with increasing age.
  • The unintentional fall death rate for adults age 65 and older was higher for men (74.2) compared with women (66.3) overall, and for each age group.
  • Among adults age 85 and older, White non-Hispanic adults had the highest rate of unintentional fall deaths, and Black non-Hispanic adults had the lowest rate, compared with other race and Hispanic-origin groups.
  • Rates of unintentional fall deaths increased between 2003 and 2023 for men and women ages 65–74, 75–84, and 85 and older.
  • In 2023, rates of unintentional fall deaths for adults age 65 and older ranged across states from 29.5 in Alabama to 158.4 in Wisconsin.

Men age 65 and older had higher rates of unintentional fall deaths compared with women.

  • In 2023, the unintentional fall death rate for adults age 65 and older was 69.9 per 100,000 population and was higher for men (74.2) compared with women (66.3) (Figure 1, Table 1).
  • For each age group, men had higher rates than women.
  • Among adults age 65 and older, rates of unintentional fall deaths were lowest for those ages 65–74 (24.7 and 14.2 for men and women, respectively) and highest for those age 85 and older (373.3 and 319.7, respectively).

Figure 1. Rate of unintentional fall deaths for adults age 65 and older, by sex and age group: United States, 2023

Grouped bar chart showing the rate of unintentional fall deaths for the total population, women, and men, in four age groupings. The vertical axis shows deaths per 100,000 population and ranges from 0 to 400, with gridlines at 100, 200, and 300. The values printed on the bars are reproduced in the following table.

Rates shown in Figure 1, in deaths per 100,000 population
Age group Total Women Men
Total 69.9 66.3 74.21
65–742 19.2 14.2 24.71
75–842 74.7 62.8 89.61
85 and older2 339.5 319.7 373.31
  • 1. Significantly higher than women, p < 0.05.
  • 2. Significant increasing trend with increasing age, p < 0.05.

NOTES: The 2023 unintentional fall death rate for all adults age 65 and older was 69.9 deaths per 100,000 population. Unintentional fall deaths are identified using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision underlying cause-of-death codes W00–W19.

SOURCE: National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, mortality data file.

Rates of unintentional fall deaths among older adults increased with age for all race and Hispanic-origin groups.

  • Among adults ages 65–74, Asian non-Hispanic (subsequently, Asian) people had a lower rate (11.1 per 100,000 population) than all other race and Hispanic-origin groups except for Hispanic people (12.5). White non-Hispanic (subsequently, White) people had the highest rate (21.5) of all race and Hispanic-origin groups except for American Indian and Alaska Native non-Hispanic (subsequently, American Indian and Alaska Native) people (18.7) (Figure 2, Table 2).
  • Among adults ages 75–84, Black non-Hispanic (subsequently, Black) people had the lowest rate (35.6), and White (84.7) and American Indian and Alaska Native (67.1) people had the highest rates of unintentional fall deaths.
  • Among adults age 85 and older, Black people had the lowest rate (123.9), and White people had the highest rate (395.5). Rates for Asian (174.3), Hispanic (179.2), and American Indian and Alaska Native (202.3) people were not significantly different from each other.
  • Among older adults of all race and Hispanic-origin groups, rates of unintentional fall deaths were lowest for those ages 65–74 and greatest for those age 85 and older.

Figure 2. Rate of unintentional fall deaths for adults age 65 and older, by race and Hispanic origin and age group: United States, 2023

Grouped bar chart showing the rate of unintentional fall deaths for Black non-Hispanic, Asian non-Hispanic, Hispanic, American Indian and Alaska Native non-Hispanic, and White non-Hispanic people in three age groupings. The vertical axis, labeled “Deaths per 1000,000 population”, ranges from 0 to 400, with gridlines at 100, 200, and 300. The values printed on the bars are reproduced in the following table.

Rates shown in Figure 2, in deaths per 100,000 population
Age group Black, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native, non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic
65–745 13.7 11.11 12.5 18.7 21.52
75–845 35.63 44.3 45.3 67.1 84.72
85 and older5 123.93 174.3 179.2 202.3 395.54
  • 1. Rate lower than all other race and Hispanic-origin groups except Hispanic people, p < 0.05.
  • 2. Rate higher than all other race and Hispanic-origin groups except American Indian and Alaska Native non-Hispanic people, p < 0.05.
  • 3. Rate lower than all other race and Hispanic-origin groups, p < 0.05.
  • 4. Rate higher than all other race and Hispanic-origin groups, p < 0.05.
  • 5. Significant increasing trend by race and Hispanic origin with increasing age group, p < 0.05.

NOTES: Unintentional fall deaths were identified using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision underlying cause-of-death codes W00–W19. Rates for Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander non-Hispanic people are not shown due to small numbers. Misclassification of race and Hispanic origin on death certificates results in underestimation of death rates by as much as 34% for American Indian and Alaska Native non-Hispanic people and 3% for Asian non-Hispanic and Hispanic people. Hispanic people may be of any race.

SOURCE: National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, mortality data file.

Unintentional fall death rates among older adults increased for both men and women from 2003 to 2023.

  • Among men and women age 65 and older, death rates due to unintentional falls increased for all age groups between 2003 and 2023, with varying rates of change across each group (Figure 3, Table 3).
  • Among adults ages 65–74, the rate for men increased from 14.3 per 100,000 population in 2003 to 24.7 in 2023, and the rate for women increased from 8.3 to 14.2.
  • Among adults ages 75–84, the rate for men increased from 51.3 in 2003 to 89.6 in 2023, and the rate for women increased from 33.6 to 62.8.
  • The greatest increases in rates from 2003 to 2023 for both men and women were among adults age 85 and older. Rates for this age group doubled for men (from 178.3 to 373.3) and increased 2.5 times for women (from 128.5 to 319.7).

Figure 3. Rate of unintentional fall deaths for adults age 65 and older, by year, sex, and age group: United States, 2003–2023

Line chart with six lines showing yearly rates of unintentional fall deaths for men and women in three age groups from 2003 to 2023. The horizontal axis shows years, labeled at 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2021, and 2023. The vertical axis shows deaths per 100,000 population and ranges from 0 to 400, with gridlines at 100, 200, and 300. The six lines are labeled:

  • Men, 85 and older1
  • Women, 85 and older1
  • Women, 75–843
  • Men, 75–842
  • Men, 65–744
  • Women, 65–745

All six lines rise over the period. The lines for adults age 85 and older are the highest, with men above women: the rate for men age 85 and older rose from 178.3 in 2003 to 373.3 in 2023, and the rate for women age 85 and older rose from 128.5 to 319.7. The lines for ages 75–84 are next highest, with the rate for men rising from 51.3 to 89.6 and the rate for women from 33.6 to 62.8. The lines for ages 65–74 are the lowest, with the rate for men rising from 14.3 to 24.7 and the rate for women from 8.3 to 14.2. Yearly values for each line are given in the data table for Figure 3.

  • 1. Significant increasing trend from 2003 to 2023, p < 0.05.
  • 2. Significant increasing trend from 2003 to 2008 and from 2018 to 2023 at varying rates of change, p < 0.05.
  • 3. Significant increasing trend from 2003 to 2012, p < 0.05.
  • 4. Significant increasing trend from 2014 to 2023, p < 0.05.
  • 5. Significant increasing trend from 2003 to 2007 and from 2017 to 2021 at varying rates of change, p < 0.05.

NOTE: Unintentional fall deaths are identified using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision underlying cause-of-death codes W00–W19.

SOURCE: National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, mortality data file.

In 2023, rates of unintentional fall deaths for adults age 65 and older varied by state.

  • The rate of unintentional fall deaths among adults age 65 and older ranged across states from a low of 29.5 in Alabama to a high of 158.4 in Wisconsin per 100,000 population (Figure 4, Table 4).
  • The five states with the highest rates were Wisconsin (158.4), Minnesota (132.6), Maine (126.5), Oklahoma (122.2), and Vermont (120.9).
  • The five states with the lowest rates were Alabama (29.5), New Jersey (34.6), California, (40.0), Louisiana (45.6), and Geor

Figure 4. Rate of unintentional fall deaths for adults age 65 and older, by state of residence: United States, 2023

Map of the 50 states and the District of Columbia, with each jurisdiction shaded into one of four rate categories of deaths per 100,000 population. The map states: U.S. rate is 69.9 per 100,000 population. Applying the legend categories to the rates in the data table for Figure 4, the jurisdictions in each category are:

  • 88.5–158.4: Colorado, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Minnesota, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Vermont, and Wisconsin
  • 71.8–88.4: Arizona, Florida, Kansas, Massachusetts, Michigan, Montana, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Utah, Washington, and West Virginia
  • 58.0–71.7: Connecticut, District of Columbia, Indiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, South Carolina, Virginia, and Wyoming
  • 29.5–57.9: Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, California, Delaware, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, New Jersey, New York, and Texas

NOTE: Unintentional fall deaths are identified using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision underlying cause-of-death codes W00–W19.

SOURCE: National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, mortality data file.

Summary

In 2023, the national rate of unintentional fall deaths for adults age 65 and older was 69.9 deaths per 100,000 population. Men had higher death rates than women across all older adult age groups, and rates increased with age for both sexes in 2023. The ratio of rates for men compared with women was largest for adults ages 65–74 and narrowed with increasing age, even as overall rates increased by age group for both men and women.

Fall death rates varied by race and Hispanic origin in 2023. Among adults ages 65–74, Asian people had the lowest rates, although the difference between Hispanic and Asian people was not statistically significant, and for adults ages 75–84 and 85 and older, Black people had the lowest rates. The highest rates among people ages 65–74, 75–84, and 85 and older were for White people, although the difference in rates between White and American Indian and Alaska Native people were not statistically significant for the 65–74 and 75–84 age groups.

Rates of unintentional fall deaths increased for all older adult age groups between 2003 and 2023 and were highest among those age 85 and older. Both men and women experienced increasing rates in this period, although at varying rates of change. Rates varied widely across the United States: Wisconsin had the highest rate (158.4), five times greater than Alabama (29.5), which had the lowest rate.

Data source and methods

National Vital Statistics System underlying cause-of-death mortality data for 2003–2023 were used to study unintentional fall deaths for adults age 65 and older by sex, age group, and race and Hispanic origin (3,4). Unintentional fall deaths were identified using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision underlying cause-of-death codes W00–W19 (5). Rates for Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander non-Hispanic people are not reported because of small numbers and unstable rates.

Crude rates (deaths per 100,000 population) were calculated. Pairwise comparisons of rates (such as crude rates for men compared with those for women) were conducted using a z test with an alpha level of 0.05 (two-sided) (6). Statistically significant differences between rates based on fewer than 100 deaths and other rates were determined by comparing 95% confidence intervals of the rates for the two groups. Trends in death rates were evaluated using the Joinpoint Regression Program (Version 5.0.2) (7). Joinpoint software fitted weighted least-squares regression models to the rates on the log-transformation scale. The permutation tests for model (number of joinpoints) significance were set at an overall alpha level of 0.05 (8).

Race and Hispanic origin were categorized based on the Office of Management and Budget’s 1997 standards for federal statistical and administrative reporting (9). All race categories are single race, meaning that only one race was reported on the death certificate. Data shown for Hispanic people include people of any race. Misclassification of race and Hispanic origin on death certificates results in the underestimation of death rates by as much as 34% for American Indian and Alaska Native people and 3% for Asian and Hispanic people (10,11).

About the authors

Matthew F. Garnett, Julie D. Weeks, and Anne M. Zehner are with the National Center for Health Statistics, Division of Analysis and Epidemiology.

References

  1. National Center for Health Statistics. Mortality data on CDC WONDER: All ages deaths by underlying cause. Available from: https://wonder.cdc.gov/deaths-by-underlying-cause.html.
  2. Garnett MF, Weeks JD, Spencer MR. Unintentional fall deaths among adults aged 65 and over: United States, 2020. NCHS Data Brief. 2022 Nov;(449):1–8. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:121836.
  3. National Center for Health Statistics, CDC WONDER: Underlying cause of death 1999–2020. 2021. Available from: https://wonder.cdc.gov/deaths-by-underlying-cause.html.
  4. National Center for Health Statistics, CDC WONDER: Underlying cause of death 2018–2023. 2025. Available from: https://wonder.cdc.gov/deaths-by-underlying-cause.html.
  5. World Health Organization. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, 10th revision (ICD–10). 5th ed. 2016.
  6. Murphy SL, Kochanek KD, Xu JQ, Arias E. Deaths: Final data for 2021. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2024 Oct;73(8):1–139. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc/158787.
  7. National Cancer Institute. Joinpoint Regression Program (Version 5.0.2) [computer software]. 2023.
  8. Ingram DD, Malec DJ, Makuc DM, Kruszon-Moran D, Gindi RM, Albert M, et al. National Center for Health Statistics guidelines for analysis of trends. Vital Health Stat 2. 2018 Apr;(179):1–71. PMID: 29775435.
  9. Office of Management and Budget. Revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. Fed Regist. 1997 Oct 30;62(210):58782–90.
  10. Arias E, Heron M, Hakes J. The validity of race and Hispanic-origin reporting on death certificates in the United States: An update. Vital Health Stat 2. 2016 Aug 1;(172):1–21. PMID: 28436642.
  11. Arias E, Xu JQ, Curtin S, Bastian B, Tejada-Vera B. Mortality profile of the non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native population, 2019. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2021 Nov;70(12):1–27. National Center for Health Statistics. 2021. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:110370.

Figure Tables

Data table for Figure 1. Rate of unintentional fall deaths for adults age 65 and older, by sex and age group: United States, 2023
Sex Total 65–741 75–841 85 and older1
Number Deaths per 100,000 Number Deaths per 100,000 Number Deaths per 100,000 Number Deaths per 100,000
Total 41,40069.9 6,65019.2 13,71974.7 21,031339.5
Women 21,52366.3 2,61214.2 6,40762.8 12,504319.7
Men 19,87774.22 4,03824.72 7,31289.62 8,527373.32
  • 1. Significant increasing trend with increasing age, p < 0.05.
  • 2. Significantly higher than women, p < 0.05.

NOTE: Unintentional fall deaths are identified using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision underlying cause-of-death codes W00–W19.

SOURCE: National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, mortality data file.

Data table for Figure 2. Rate of unintentional fall deaths for adults age 65 and older, by race and Hispanic origin and age group: United States, 2023
Race and Hispanic origin Overall (65 and older) 65–741 75–841 85 and older1
Number Deaths per 100,000 Number Deaths per 100,000 Number Deaths per 100,000 Number Deaths per 100,000
Black, non-Hispanic 1,66629.3 49513.7 55735.62 614123.92
Asian, non-Hispanic 1,17639.3 19711.13 39344.3 586174.3
Hispanic 2,10137.6 43512.5 71145.3 955179.2
American Indian and Alaska Native, non-Hispanic 18350.2 4218.7 7167.1 70202.3
White, non-Hispanic 36,06281.9 5,42721.54 11,91084.74 18,725395.55
  • 1. Significant increasing trend by race and Hispanic origin with increasing age group, p < 0.05.
  • 2. Lower than all other race and Hispanic-origin groups, p < 0.05.
  • 3. Lower than all other race and Hispanic-origin groups except Hispanic people, p < 0.05.
  • 4. Higher than all other race and Hispanic-origin groups except American Indian and Alaska Native non-Hispanic people, p < 0.05.
  • 5. Higher than all other race and Hispanic-origin groups, p < 0.05.

NOTES: Unintentional fall deaths are identified using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision underlying cause-of-death codes W00–W19. Rates for Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander non-Hispanic people are not shown due to small numbers. Misclassification of race and Hispanic origin on death certificates results in the underestimation of death rates by as much as 34% for American Indian and Alaska Native non-Hispanic people and 3% for Asian non-Hispanic and Hispanic people. Hispanic people may be of any race.

SOURCE: National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, mortality data file.

Data table for Figure 3. Rate of unintentional fall deaths for adults age 65 and older, by year, sex, and age group: United States, 2003–2023
Year Women Men
65–741 75–842 85 and older3 65–744 75–845 85 and older3
Number Deaths per 100,000 Number Deaths per 100,000 Number Deaths per 100,000 Number Deaths per 100,000 Number Deaths per 100,000 Number Deaths per 100,000
20038398.32,58833.64,018128.51,20914.32,66151.32,386178.3
20048618.52,82436.54,332136.81,39416.32,85854.42,630190.7
20059359.22,90637.54,722145.31,38415.93,05157.32,804194.2
20069619.33,08039.84,973148.61,43116.23,14758.73,058201.4
20071,0129.63,22141.95,693165.21,58217.43,33161.83,495219.4
20081,10110.03,44345.06,088172.31,64417.33,56465.83,902234.7
20091,1199.83,30443.56,512179.31,73117.63,68267.84,074234.8
20101,21210.43,57047.17,029189.81,77617.63,67967.24,383244.9
20111,22310.23,55246.77,655199.21,92618.43,83568.84,710248.7
20121,33610.53,86450.78,039204.91,99617.83,91269.35,043256.8
20131,40210.43,81149.68,488212.32,18418.54,17572.55,404264.7
20141,55611.13,94050.69,057223.42,38219.34,31773.35,792274.6
20151,57710.84,10251.99,501231.02,51419.54,56675.86,226286.3
20161,75211.54,19352.010,002240.72,72720.44,54273.56,452290.0
20171,81511.54,29251.710,433249.12,93721.24,92676.96,787297.7
20181,99212.34,55152.610,706253.83,11821.95,15876.66,997300.9
20192,10212.54,91554.810,864256.93,28622.45,65080.77,395311.2
20202,31813.35,28057.211,449269.83,60723.85,89681.67,958329.6
20212,52014.25,70863.211,900313.23,88924.56,42889.78,297381.3
20222,57014.46,25864.012,372294.44,12825.97,13892.38,453370.1
20232,61214.26,40762.812,504319.74,03824.77,31289.68,527373.3
  • 1. Significant increasing trend from 2003 to 2007 and from 2017 to 2021 at varying rates of change, p < 0.05.
  • 2. Significant increasing trend from 2003 to 2012, p < 0.05.
  • 3. Significant increasing trend from 2003 to 2023, p < 0.05.
  • 4. Significant increasing trend from 2014 to 2023, p < 0.05.
  • 5. Significant increasing trend from 2003 to 2008, and from 2018 to 2023 at varying rates of change, p < 0.05.

NOTE: Unintentional fall deaths are identified using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision underlying cause-of-death codes W00–W19.

SOURCE: National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, mortality data file.

Data table for Figure 4. Rate of unintentional fall deaths for adults age 65 and older, by state of residence: United States, 2023
Area Number Deaths per 100,000
United States41,40069.9
Alabama27529.5
Alaska5956.0
Arizona1,13679.2
Arkansas31457.0
California2,52340.0
Colorado93699.3
Connecticut42361.2
Delaware10849.2
District of Columbia5663.1
Florida4,04582.3
Georgia77845.9
Hawaii15852.2
Idaho341100.0
Illinois1,25256.8
Indiana68758.3
Iowa677113.6
Kansas42582.8
Kentucky41551.4
Louisiana36245.6
Maine406126.5
Maryland75670.9
Massachusetts1,09184.3
Michigan1,39272.2
Minnesota1,357132.6
Mississippi33765.1
Missouri73164.3
Montana18378.9
Nebraska20058.9
Nevada37868.0
New Hampshire303103.9
New Jersey57034.6
New Mexico25360.4
New York1,75948.4
North Carolina1,77693.1
North Dakota9873.5
Ohio1,92086.9
Oklahoma823122.2
Oregon884106.6
Pennsylvania2,05479.1
Rhode Island233110.1
South Carolina72569.9
South Dakota16597.7
Tennessee1,00881.2
Texas2,19252.3
Utah33179.4
Vermont173120.9
Virginia1,00967.3
Washington1,14785.7
West Virginia30680.4
Wisconsin1,790158.4
Wyoming8071.5

NOTE: Unintentional fall deaths are identified using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision underlying cause-of-death codes W00–W19.

SOURCE: National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, mortality data file.

NCHS reports can be downloaded from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/index.htm.

For more NCHS Data Briefs, visit: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs.htm.

Keywords: injury • older adults • mortality • race and Hispanic origin • National Vital Statistics System

Suggested citation

Garnett MF, Weeks JD, Zehner AM. Unintentional fall deaths in adults age 65 and older: United States, 2023. NCHS Data Brief. 2025 Jun;(532):1–11. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc/174601.

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission; citation as to source, however, is appreciated.

National Center for Health Statistics

Brian C. Moyer, Ph.D., Director
Amy M. Branum, Ph.D., Associate Director for Science

Division of Analysis and Epidemiology
Irma E. Arispe, Ph.D., Director
Kimberly A. Lochner, Sc.D., Associate Director for Science

For e-mail updates on NCHS publication releases, subscribe online at: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/updates/.

For questions or general information about NCHS:
Tel: 1–800–CDC–INFO (1–800–232–4636)
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ISSN 1941–4927 Print ed.
ISSN 1941–4935 Online ed.

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